CSS Vertical Align Middle

How do I vertically center text with CSS?

You can try this basic approach:

div {  height: 100px;  line-height: 100px;  text-align: center;  border: 2px dashed #f69c55;}

<div>  Hello World!</div>

How can I vertically center a div element for all browsers using CSS?

Below is the best all-around solution I could build to vertically and horizontally center a fixed-width, flexible height content box. It was tested and worked for recent versions of Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari.

.outer {
  display: table;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}

.middle {
  display: table-cell;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.inner {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  width: 400px;
  /* Whatever width you want */
}

<div class="outer">
  <div class="middle">
    <div class="inner">
      <h1>The Content</h1>
      <p>Once upon a midnight dreary...</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Why is vertical-align: middle not working on my span or div?

Using CSS3:

<div class="outer">
   <div class="inner"/>
</div>

Css:

.outer {
  display : flex;
  align-items : center;
}

use "justify-content: center;" to align elements horizontally

Note: This might not work in old IE's

vertical align middle in div

You can use line-height: 50px;, you won't need vertical-align: middle; there.

Demo

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The above will fail if you've multiple lines, so in that case you can wrap your text using span and than use display: table-cell; and display: table; along with vertical-align: middle;, also don't forget to use width: 100%; for #abc

Demo

#abc{
  font:Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;
  font-size:18px;
  text-align:left;
  background-color:#0F0;
  height:50px;
  display: table;
  width: 100%;
}

#abc span {
  vertical-align:middle;
  display: table-cell;
}

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Another solution I can think of here is to use transform property with translateY() where Y obviously stands for Y Axis. It's pretty straight forward... All you need to do is set the elements position to absolute and later position 50% from the top and translate from it's axis with negative -50%

div {
  height: 100px;
  width: 100px;
  background-color: tomato;
  position: relative;
}

p {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

Demo

Note that this won't be supported on older browsers, for example IE8, but you can make IE9 and other older browser versions of Chrome and Firefox by using -ms, -moz and -webkit prefixes respectively.

For more information on transform, you can refer here.

How to get float:right button to vertically align in the middle

The cleanest way to do that is to use flex like this:

1. Add display: flex to your outer div panel-footer [Check code below]

2. Remove the float and use text-align:right on the span for the button. [Check code below]

3. Add align-self: center to the inner span. [Check code below]

---

For 1:

.panel-footer {
    height: 70px;
    border: solid;
    display:flex;
}

For 2:

.header-footer-item {
        text-align: right;
}

For 3:

.header-footer-item {
    align-self: center;
}

jsFiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/d1vrqkn9/4/

How to vertically align an image inside a div

The only (and the best cross-browser) way as I know is to use an inline-block helper with height: 100% and vertical-align: middle on both elements.

So there is a solution: http://jsfiddle.net/kizu/4RPFa/4570/

.frame {    height: 25px;      /* Equals maximum image height */    width: 160px;    border: 1px solid red;    white-space: nowrap; /* This is required unless you put the helper span closely near the img */
    text-align: center;    margin: 1em 0;}
.helper {    display: inline-block;    height: 100%;    vertical-align: middle;}
img {    background: #3A6F9A;    vertical-align: middle;    max-height: 25px;    max-width: 160px;}

<div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span><img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=250px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span><img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=25px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span><img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=23px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span><img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=21px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span><img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=19px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=17px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=15px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=13px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=11px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=9px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=7px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=5px /></div><div class="frame">    <span class="helper"></span>    <img src="http://jsfiddle.net/img/logo.png" height=3px /></div>

How to center an element horizontally and vertically

• Approach 1 - transform translateX/translateY:

Example Here / Full Screen Example

In supported browsers (most of them), you can use top: 50%/left: 50% in combination with translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%) to dynamically vertically/horizontally center the element.

.container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    -moz-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
    -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
}

<div class="container">
    <span>I'm vertically/horizontally centered!</span>
</div>

Vertical align middle on inline elements slightly off

Well this is because a default line-height is applied to the elements by browsers user agent...So you have to play with some vertical-align values...use text-bottom

p {  font: 10pt Arial, sans-serif;}
.icon {  vertical-align: text-bottom;}

<p>This is some text with an <img src="https://i.imgur.com/IJs3M2P.png" class="icon" alt="Icon" width="16" height="16">icon in it.</p>

Vertical Align Center in Bootstrap 4

Important! Vertical center is relative to the height of the parent

If the parent of the element you're trying to center has no defined
height, none of the vertical centering solutions will work!

Now, onto vertical centering...

Bootstrap 5 (Updated 2021)

Bootstrap 5 is still flexbox based so vertical centering works the same way as Bootstrap 4. For example, align-items-center, justify-content-center or auto margins can used on the flexbox parent (row or d-flex).

• use align-items-center on a flexbox row parent (row or d-flex)
• use justify-content-center on a flexbox column parent (d-flex flex-column)
• use my-auto on a flexbox parent

Vertical Center in Bootstrap 5

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Bootstrap 4

You can use the new flexbox & size utilities to make the container full-height and display: flex. These options don't require extra CSS (except that the height of the container (ie:html,body) must be 100%).

Option 1 align-self-center on flexbox child

<div class="container d-flex h-100">
    <div class="row justify-content-center align-self-center">
     I'm vertically centered
    </div>
</div>

https://codeply.com/go/fFqaDe5Oey

Option 2 align-items-center on flexbox parent (.row is display:flex; flex-direction:row)

<div class="container h-100">
    <div class="row align-items-center h-100">
        <div class="col-6 mx-auto">
            <div class="jumbotron">
                I'm vertically centered
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

https://codeply.com/go/BumdFnmLuk

Option 3 justify-content-center on flexbox parent (.card is display:flex;flex-direction:column)

<div class="container h-100">
    <div class="row align-items-center h-100">
        <div class="col-6 mx-auto">
            <div class="card h-100 border-primary justify-content-center">
                <div>
                    ...card content...
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

https://codeply.com/go/3gySSEe7nd

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More on Bootstrap 4 Vertical Centering

Now that Bootstrap 4 offers flexbox and other utilities, there are many approaches to vertical
alignment. http://www.codeply.com/go/WG15ZWC4lf

1 - Vertical Center Using Auto Margins:

Another way to vertically center is to use my-auto. This will center the element within it's container. For example, h-100 makes the row full height, and my-auto will vertically center the col-sm-12 column.

<div class="row h-100">
    <div class="col-sm-12 my-auto">
        <div class="card card-block w-25">Card</div>
    </div>
</div>

Vertical Center Using Auto Margins Demo

my-auto represents margins on the vertical y-axis and is equivalent to:

margin-top: auto;
margin-bottom: auto;

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2 - Vertical Center with Flexbox:

Since Bootstrap 4 .row is now display:flex you can simply use align-self-center on any column to vertically center it...

       <div class="row">
           <div class="col-6 align-self-center">
                <div class="card card-block">
                 Center
                </div>
           </div>
           <div class="col-6">
                <div class="card card-inverse card-danger">
                    Taller
                </div>
          </div>
    </div>

or, use align-items-center on the entire .row to vertically center align all col-* in the row...

       <div class="row align-items-center">
           <div class="col-6">
                <div class="card card-block">
                 Center
                </div>
           </div>
           <div class="col-6">
                <div class="card card-inverse card-danger">
                    Taller
                </div>
          </div>
    </div>

Vertical Center Different Height Columns Demo

See this Q/A to center, but maintain equal height

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3 - Vertical Center Using Display Utils:

Bootstrap 4 has display utils that can be used for display:table, display:table-cell, display:inline, etc.. These can be used with the vertical alignment utils to align inline, inline-block or table cell elements.

<div class="row h-50">
    <div class="col-sm-12 h-100 d-table">
        <div class="card card-block d-table-cell align-middle">
            I am centered vertically
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

Vertical Center Using Display Utils Demo

More examples
Vertical center image in <div>
Vertical center .row in .container

Vertical center and bottom in <div>
Vertical center child inside parent

Vertical center full screen jumbotron

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Important! Did I mention height?

Remember vertical centering is relative to the height of the parent element. If you want to center on the entire page, in most cases, this should be your CSS...

body,html {
  height: 100%;
}

Or use min-height: 100vh (min-vh-100 in Bootstrap 4.1+) on the parent/container. If you want to center a child element inside the parent. The parent must have a defined height.

Also see:

Vertical alignment in bootstrap 4

Bootstrap Center Vertical and Horizontal Alignment

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