SQL Server:Transpose Rows to Columns

Simple way to transpose columns and rows in SQL?

There are several ways that you can transform this data. In your original post, you stated that PIVOT seems too complex for this scenario, but it can be applied very easily using both the UNPIVOT and PIVOT functions in SQL Server.

However, if you do not have access to those functions this can be replicated using UNION ALL to UNPIVOT and then an aggregate function with a CASE statement to PIVOT:

Create Table:

CREATE TABLE yourTable([color] varchar(5), [Paul] int, [John] int, [Tim] int, [Eric] int);

INSERT INTO yourTable
    ([color], [Paul], [John], [Tim], [Eric])
VALUES
    ('Red', 1, 5, 1, 3),
    ('Green', 8, 4, 3, 5),
    ('Blue', 2, 2, 9, 1);

Union All, Aggregate and CASE Version:

select name,
  sum(case when color = 'Red' then value else 0 end) Red,
  sum(case when color = 'Green' then value else 0 end) Green,
  sum(case when color = 'Blue' then value else 0 end) Blue
from
(
  select color, Paul value, 'Paul' name
  from yourTable
  union all
  select color, John value, 'John' name
  from yourTable
  union all
  select color, Tim value, 'Tim' name
  from yourTable
  union all
  select color, Eric value, 'Eric' name
  from yourTable
) src
group by name

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

The UNION ALL performs the UNPIVOT of the data by transforming the columns Paul, John, Tim, Eric into separate rows. Then you apply the aggregate function sum() with the case statement to get the new columns for each color.

Unpivot and Pivot Static Version:

Both the UNPIVOT and PIVOT functions in SQL server make this transformation much easier. If you know all of the values that you want to transform, you can hard-code them into a static version to get the result:

select name, [Red], [Green], [Blue]
from
(
  select color, name, value
  from yourtable
  unpivot
  (
    value for name in (Paul, John, Tim, Eric)
  ) unpiv
) src
pivot
(
  sum(value)
  for color in ([Red], [Green], [Blue])
) piv

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

The inner query with the UNPIVOT performs the same function as the UNION ALL. It takes the list of columns and turns it into rows, the PIVOT then performs the final transformation into columns.

Dynamic Pivot Version:

If you have an unknown number of columns (Paul, John, Tim, Eric in your example) and then an unknown number of colors to transform you can use dynamic sql to generate the list to UNPIVOT and then PIVOT:

DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @colsPivot as  NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @colsUnpivot = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.name)
         from sys.columns as C
         where C.object_id = object_id('yourtable') and
               C.name <> 'color'
         for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')

select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT  ',' 
                      + quotename(color)
                    from yourtable t
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')


set @query 
  = 'select name, '+@colsPivot+'
      from
      (
        select color, name, value
        from yourtable
        unpivot
        (
          value for name in ('+@colsUnpivot+')
        ) unpiv
      ) src
      pivot
      (
        sum(value)
        for color in ('+@colsPivot+')
      ) piv'

exec(@query)

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

The dynamic version queries both yourtable and then the sys.columns table to generate the list of items to UNPIVOT and PIVOT. This is then added to a query string to be executed. The plus of the dynamic version is if you have a changing list of colors and/or names this will generate the list at run-time.

All three queries will produce the same result:

| NAME | RED | GREEN | BLUE |
-----------------------------
| Eric |   3 |     5 |    1 |
| John |   5 |     4 |    2 |
| Paul |   1 |     8 |    2 |
|  Tim |   1 |     3 |    9 |

Transpose row to column in SQL Server

I recommend using cross apply to unpivot and then aggregation:

select machine,
       max(case when type = 'duration' then val end) as duration,
       max(case when type = 'counter' then val end) as counter
from t cross apply
     (values ('PKG_HA_01_ON', PKG_HA_01_ON),
             ('PKG_HA_03_ON', PKG_HA_03_ON),
             ('PKG_HA_04_ON', PKG_HA_04_ON),
             ('PKG_HA_05_ON', PKG_HA_05_ON),
             ('PKG_HA_06_ON', PKG_HA_06_ON),
             ('PKG_HA_09_ON', PKG_HA_09_ON)
    ) v(machine, val)
group by machine;

I much, much prefer this over pivot/unpivot. Why? APPLY implements a lateral join, which is a powerful construct in SQL (and part of the SQL standard albeit with slightly different syntax). Unpivoting is a nice introduction to this feature.

The pivoting functions are bespoke functions and not part of the standard. They also do not generalize in any way, being designed for a single purpose.

Pivot/transpose rows into columns efficiently with multiple columns

SELECT
  [Num1], 
  [Type1], 
  [Code], 
  [Group], 
  [DA], 
  [123],
  [234]
FROM
  yourTable
PIVOT
(
  MAX([value])  
  FOR [account] IN ([123], [234])
)
  AS PivotTable

https://dbfiddle.uk/?rdbms=sqlserver_2019&fiddle=7fbe16b9254aa5ee60a23e43eec9597f

Pivot/Transpose rows into column and convert NULLs into 0's

Two options. The first will use coalesce() to eliminate the null values. The second will create a a unique set of intersections via a CROSS JOIN and a UNION ALL (brute force)

Example

Declare @YourTable Table ([Number] varchar(50),[TYPE] varchar(50),[Acct] varchar(50),[Total] varchar(50))
Insert Into @YourTable Values 
 ('1X2','GGG',111,100)
,('1X2','GGG',222,200)

Select Number
      ,Type
      ,[111]  = coalesce( [111] ,0)
      ,[222]  = coalesce( [222] ,0)
      ,[333]  = coalesce( [333] ,0)
 From @YourTable
 PIVOT (MAX(Total)
 FOR ACCT in ([111],[222],[333])) pvt

---

Second Option:

You may notice I supplied the Accts in the last CROSS JOIN because 333 was not in the scope of the sample data. If it will exist, you could use the Select Distinct Acct like we used in Cross Apply 1 and 2

Select *
 From ( Select * from @YourTable
        Union All
        Select Number,Type,Acct,0
         From  ( Select distinct Number  from @YourTable ) A
         Cross Join (Select distinct Type from @YourTable) B
         Cross Join (
                        Select * from  (values ('111' )
                                              ,('222' )
                                              ,('333' )
                                       )v(Acct)
                    ) C
      ) src
 PIVOT (MAX(Total)
 FOR ACCT in ([111],[222],[333])) pvt

Both Results would be

SQL Transpose row to columns

You need to enumerate the values to pivot them:

select id,
       max(case when seqnum = 1 then club end) as club_1,
       max(case when seqnum = 2 then club end) as club_2,
       max(case when seqnum = 3 then club end) as club_3
from (select b.*,
             row_number() over (partition by id order by club) as seqnum
      from b
     ) b
group by id;

How to transpose ROW to Column in DB2

Short answer is you can't.

There's nothing in Db2 for IBM i that will do this with SELECT * and a dynamic table.

Long answer, you can build a stored procedure or user defined table function that dynamically builds and executes an old school statement that looks like so:

with firstRow as 
  (select F1, F2, F3 from table fetch first row only)
select F1
from firstRow
UNION ALL 
select F2
from firstRow
UNION ALL
select F3
from firstRow;

Alternately, since you're on v7.4, you could build and execute a dynamic statement that CONCAT the fields into string list and then use the SPLIT() table function to deconstruct the the list into rows.

Lastly, you might be able to build and execute a dynamic statement that uses the JSON functions to build a JSON array which could then be deconstructed into rows with the JSON_TABLE() function.

But as emphasized, in all cases you'll need to know column and table names for the actual SELECT. Thus the need to dynamically build the statement.

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