What Does the "||=" Operand Stand for in Ruby

What does the ||= operand stand for in ruby

It is the shorthand for a logical OR operation. It is equivalent to:

a || a = b

Note: The above code sample has been corrected to reflect the true (if unintuitive) behavior if expanding a ||= b. Thanks to the people who pointed that out for me. Here is the source

if a evaluates to true it will remain as is, otherwise b will be assigned to a. In ruby nil evaluates to false, so you can see how this is useful for lazy loading and default value assignment.

What does the '||=' operator do in ruby?

what does || do? If you have a and b then a || b is true if and only if either a or b is true. It is the same with ||= this operator combines two operations '=' and '||'. So a ||= b is equivelent to c || c = b

EDIT: so in your context ENV['ENVIRONMENT'] ||= 'test' means that if ENV['ENVIRONMENT'] is not nil and not false it will preserve its value, otherwise it will become 'test' and after that the new value of ENV['ENVIRONMENT'] is assigned to RACK_ENV

What does ||= mean?

Basically, a ||= b means assign b to a if a is null or undefined or false (i.e. false-ish value in ruby), it is similar to a = b unless a, except it will always evaluate to the final value of a (whereas a = b unless a would result in nil if a was true-ish).

What does ||= (or-equals) mean in Ruby?

This question has been discussed so often on the Ruby mailing-lists and Ruby blogs that there are now even threads on the Ruby mailing-list whose only purpose is to collect links to all the other threads on the Ruby mailing-list that discuss this issue.

Here's one: The definitive list of ||= (OR Equal) threads and pages

If you really want to know what is going on, take a look at Section 11.4.2.3 "Abbreviated assignments" of the Ruby Language Draft Specification.

As a first approximation,

a ||= b

is equivalent to

a || a = b

and not equivalent to

a = a || b

However, that is only a first approximation, especially if a is undefined. The semantics also differ depending on whether it is a simple variable assignment, a method assignment or an indexing assignment:

a    ||= b
a.c  ||= b
a[c] ||= b

are all treated differently.

What does ||= mean?

It is an assignment operator which means: or assign this value to a variable.

So if you did something like x ||= ythis meansx || x = y so if x is nil or false set x to be the value of y.

Difference between || and ||=?

||= will set the left-hand value to the right hand value only if the left-hand value is falsey.

In this case, both 6 and 4 are truthy, so a = 6 || 4 will set a to the first truthy value, which is 6.

a ||= 6 will set a to 6 only if a is falsey. That is, if it's nil or false.

a = nil
a ||= 6
a ||= 4
a # => 6

What does ||= mean in Ruby?

It's mainly used as a shortform for initializing a variable to a certain value, if it is not yet set.

Think about the statement as returning x || (x = y). If x has a value (other than false), only the left side of the || will be evalutated (since || short-circuts), and x will be not be reassigned. However, if x is false or nil, the right side will be evaluated, which will set x to y, and y will be returned (the result of an assignment statement is the right-hand side).

See http://dablog.rubypal.com/2008/3/25/a-short-circuit-edge-case for more discussion.

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