How to configure R-3.1.2 with --enable-R-shlib
make uninstall only undoes the make install step, which generally copies the files from the compilation dir to dir(s) on the system as appropriate, and puts binaries in say /usr/bin so they are on the path. If you wanted to clean up the dir where you did a previous compile, use make clean (or make distclean, I forget what the difference is now as far as R is concerned but convention is that it should return the build dir to pre-configure, pre-build state.).
You also, in general, don't want to be building in the dir which contains the R sources (which ./configure suggests you are doing).
Compile R with Cairo support without X11
In the most narrow sense, Cairo appears to require x11 headers.
In a wider sense, look into the various answers detailing use of the xvfb virtual x11 server -- they allow you headless use.
Also, you could try building without x11, png, cairo -- and then use one of the two cairo packages from CRAN to create graphs. In Debian/Ubuntu we also have at least the cairoDevice package pre-build for you.
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