How to Set Character Encoding to Utf-8 for Default.HTML

How do I set character encoding to UTF-8 for default.html?

You need to replace the HTTP-level header.

This should work:

<?php
    header('Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
?>

Note that the above must be the first thing in your file. No exceptions. See header.

For general information on how to change the character set header in different web stacks, see Setting the HTTP charset parameter.

What is the default character encoding for HTML?

The !DOCTYPE doesn't set a character encoding, the meta element together with the (newly standardized) charset attribute does. If it's absent I'm not entirely sure how the browser determines the encoding.

I believe the problem you're having though is that your page is saved in one encoding and served in another.

Just make sure you set <meta charset="utf8"/> and make sure your document is in fact utf8 and it should work.

Set the default encoding to UTF-8 for all JSPs without using @page directives

You can add the following to web.xml

<jsp-config>
    <jsp-property-group>
        <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
        <page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding>
        <default-content-type>text/html</default-content-type>
    </jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>

How to set HTTP header to UTF-8 using PHP which is valid in W3C validator

Use header to modify the HTTP header:

header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

Note to call this function before any output has been sent to the client. Otherwise the header has been sent too and you obviously can’t change it any more. You can check that with headers_sent. See the manual page of header for more information.

How to change the default encoding to UTF-8 for Apache

In httpd.conf add (or change if it's already there):

AddDefaultCharset utf-8

Convert default html encoding to UTF-8 or latin1 in R

You can do the following, I have used stringi function and a custom function to convert html #& to unicode equivalent, a function called stri_trans_general from stringi helped me translate these unicode converted into english alphabets. I have taken the xml parser from this link on SO itself

library(stringi)
vector_cities = strsplit("Nova Lima,São Paulo,Contagem,Rio de Janeiro,Rio de Janeiro,São Paulo,Castanhal,Diadema,Rio de Janeiro,Rio Verde,Porto Alegre,Maurilândia,Samambaia,Rio de Janeiro,Passo Fundo,São Paulo,Casimiro de Abreu,Rio de Janeiro,Barueri,Santos,São Paulo,São Paulo,Goiânia,Pelotas,Rio de Janeiro", ",")

vector_cities <- vector_cities[[1]]

library(XML)

html_txt <- function(str) {
  xpathApply(htmlParse(str, asText=TRUE),
             "//body//text()", 
             xmlValue)[[1]] 
}

##The html_txt can parse the ã etc chars to their respective UTF values which can further be taken by stringi functions to convert into english alphabets

x <- vector_cities 
txt <- html_txt(x)
Encoding(txt) <- "UTF-8" #encoding to utf-8, It is optional you may avoid it
splt_txt <-strsplit(txt,split="\n")[[1]]
stringi::stri_trans_general(splt_txt, "latin-ascii")

Output:

 [1] "Nova Lima"         "Sao Paulo"        
 [3] "Contagem"          "Rio de Janeiro"   
 [5] "Rio de Janeiro"    "Sao Paulo"        
 [7] "Castanhal"         "Diadema"          
 [9] "Rio de Janeiro"    "Rio Verde"        
[11] "Porto Alegre"      "Maurilandia"      
[13] "Samambaia"         "Rio de Janeiro"   
[15] "Passo Fundo"       "Sao Paulo"        
[17] "Casimiro de Abreu" "Rio de Janeiro"   
[19] "Barueri"           "Santos"           
[21] "Sao Paulo"         "Sao Paulo"        
[23] "Goiania"           "Pelotas"          
[25] "Rio de Janeiro"   

---

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