Xml Error: There Are Multiple Root Elements

XML Error: There are multiple root elements

You need to enclose your <parent> elements in a surrounding element as XML Documents can have only one root node:

<parents> <!-- I've added this tag -->
    <parent>
        <child>
            Text
        </child>
    </parent>
    <parent>
        <child>
            <grandchild>
                Text
            </grandchild>
            <grandchild>
                Text
            </grandchild>
        </child>
        <child>
            Text
        </child>
    </parent>
</parents> <!-- I've added this tag -->

As you're receiving this markup from somewhere else, rather than generating it yourself, you may have to do this yourself by treating the response as a string and wrapping it with appropriate tags, prior to attempting to parse it as XML.

So, you've a couple of choices:

1. Get the provider of the web service to return you actual XML that has one root node
2. Pre-process the XML, as I've suggested above, to add a root node
3. Pre-process the XML to split it into multiple chunks (i.e. one for each <parent> node) and process each as a distinct XML Document

There are multiple root elements load xml

Well yes, your data isn't a valid XML document. (The error message is pretty clear - you've got multiple top-level elements.) You could make it a valid document by adding a dummy root element:

xml.LoadXml("<root>" & sReceived & "</root>")

... but if you get the chance to change whatever's sending the data, it would be better if it sent an actual XML document.

EDIT: If you're able to use LINQ to XML instead of XmlDocument, getting the client number and the version number are easy. For example, as text:

Dim clientVersion = doc.Root.Element("XmlClient").Value
Dim xmlVersion = doc.Root.Element("XmlVersion").Value 

EDIT: Okay, if you're stuck with XmlDocument, I believe you could use:

Dim clientVersionNode = doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("XmlClient")(0)
Dim clientVersion = (CType(clientVersionNode, XmlElement)).InnerText

(and likewise for xmlVersion)

Invalid XMLDoc - There are multiple root elements. Line 9, position 2

Well, I solved it myself. But ofcourse I got little help from another forum in getting the idea of how to do it.
So the scenario was actually this:

I was getting the xml as response from a third party API (which I don't have any control over ofcourse). So I wanted to encapsulate the response in a root element called <Servers></Servers> so it becomes valid xml and then I could parse using XmlDocument or XDocument.

To fix this I used the following logic in order to encapsulate it inside a root element.

XmlReaderSettings xrs = new XmlReaderSettings();
        xrs.ConformanceLevel = ConformanceLevel.Fragment; //We confrom to the fragments because the document will not pass validation due to multiple root elements problem
        String xmlString = "<Servers>\n";
        using (XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(new StringReader(response), xrs))
        {
            while (xr.Read())
            {
                if (xr.NodeType != XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration)
                {
                    switch (xr.NodeType)
                    {
                        case XmlNodeType.Element: // If nodetype is an element.
                            xmlString += "<" + xr.Name + ">";
                            break;
                        case XmlNodeType.Text: //Get text inside each element.
                            xmlString += xr.Value;
                            break;
                        case XmlNodeType.EndElement: //Close the element.
                            xmlString += "</" + xr.Name + ">";
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        xmlString += "</Servers>"; //xmlString now has a string which is a valid xml. So XDocument or XmlDocument parse will not fail over it.

        var doc = XDocument.Parse(xmlString);
        var json = JsonConvert.SerializeXNode(doc,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented, true);
        return json; // I convert it to json so the client can consume it.

Done!

Ofcourse it is a work around but as the API guyes will take time before they will fix the invalid xml, so I had to go this way till then.

XML Error: There are multiple root elements ,how to read XML string variable in asp.net c#?

That InnerXml does not include the DocumentElement itself so it looks like you've got multiple roots in your XML document tree, and as a consequence, it's not an XML document. This might work:

var myXml = j.DocumentElement.InnerXml.ParentNode.ToString();

Or you could just treat the resulting XML as a set of element nodes.

Why would this XML cause there are multiple root elements error?

There is nothing wrong with the XML, so check the calling code.

If you post it we can help you out.

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