^M' Character at End of Lines

^M' character at end of lines

It's caused by the DOS/Windows line-ending characters. Like Andy Whitfield said, the Unix command dos2unix will help fix the problem. If you want more information, you can read the man pages for that command.

`git add` adds ^M to the end of every line

Are your files being checked in from a Windows computer at any point? Windows adds CR+LF to line endings, while other OS's use LF only. If you've set core.autocrlf to false then git diff will highlight CR characters as ^M. To turn this off, you can alter the core.whitespace setting:

git config --global core.whitespace cr-at-eol

What is the difference between ^M, $, and \n (newline) in Python?

RFC 6350 states:

Individual lines within vCard are delimited by […] a CRLF sequence (U+000D followed by U+000A).

[…]

Long logical lines of text can be split into a multiple-physical-line representation […] by inserting a CRLF immediately followed by a single white space character (space (U+0020) or horizontal tab (U+0009)).

You're only noticing this in the NOTES section because you found long lines of text there. You have to read the documentation for the file format you are trying to parse.

How to read in text lines containing ^M character in Python?

use the below command to get rid of ^M in vim and to insert ^M Press Ctrl+V Ctrl+M

:s/^M$//

Instead of removing ^M if you want to replace ^M with newline use

:%s/^M/\r/g

For mac users use dos2unix command

dos2unix myfile.txt

without using Ctrl you can replace ^M using the below command:

:%s/\r$/ /g

^M at the end of every line in vim

As a command, type

:%s/^M$//

(To get ^M, press ^V ^M, where ^ is CTRL on most keyboards)

What is the meaning of ^M in 'git diff'?

^M represents carriage return. This diff means something removed a Unicode BOM from the beginning of the line and added a CR at the end.

The ^ symbol stands for Control, so ^M means Ctrl+M.

To get from that to the actual ASCII character code, you take the base character and flip bit 6 (i.e. XOR with 64). For letters, that just means subtract 64. So e.g. ^A is character code 1 (because A is 65). ^M is 77 - 64 = 13 (because M is 77), which corresponds to carriage return in ASCII.

Convert DOS line endings to Linux line endings in Vim

dos2unix is a commandline utility that will do this, or :%s/^M//g will if you use Ctrl-v Ctrl-m to input the ^M, or you can :set ff=unix and Vim will do it for you.

There is documentation on the fileformat setting, and the Vim wiki has a comprehensive page on line ending conversions.

Alternately, if you move files back and forth a lot, you might not want to convert them, but rather to do :set ff=dos, so Vim will know it's a DOS file and use DOS conventions for line endings.

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