In SQL / MySQL, what is the difference between ON and WHERE in a join statement?
WHERE
is a part of the SELECT
query as a whole, ON
is a part of each individual join.
ON
can only refer to the fields of previously used tables.
When there is no actual match against a record in the left table, LEFT JOIN
returns one record from the right table with all fields set to NULLS
. WHERE
clause then evaluates and filter this.
In your query, only the records from gifts
without match in 'sentgifts' are returned.
Here's the example
gifts
1 Teddy bear
2 Flowers
sentgifts
1 Alice
1 Bob
---
SELECT *
FROM gifts g
LEFT JOIN
sentgifts sg
ON g.giftID = sg.giftID
---
1 Teddy bear 1 Alice
1 Teddy bear 1 Bob
2 Flowers NULL NULL -- no match in sentgifts
---
SELECT *
FROM gifts g
LEFT JOIN
sentgifts sg
ON g.giftID = sg.giftID
WHERE sg.giftID IS NULL
---
2 Flowers NULL NULL -- no match in sentgifts
As you can see, no actual match can leave a NULL
in sentgifts.id
, so only the gifts that had not ever been sent are returned.
SQL JOIN - WHERE clause vs. ON clause
They are not the same thing.
Consider these queries:
SELECT *
FROM Orders
LEFT JOIN OrderLines ON OrderLines.OrderID=Orders.ID
WHERE Orders.ID = 12345
and
SELECT *
FROM Orders
LEFT JOIN OrderLines ON OrderLines.OrderID=Orders.ID
AND Orders.ID = 12345
The first will return an order and its lines, if any, for order number 12345
.
The second will return all orders, but only order 12345
will have any lines associated with it.
With an INNER JOIN
, the clauses are effectively equivalent. However, just because they are functionally the same, in that they produce the same results, does not mean the two kinds of clauses have the same semantic meaning.
What's the difference between where clause and on clause when table left join?
The where
clause applies to the whole resultset; the on clause
only applies to the join in question.
In the example supplied, all of the additional conditions related to fields on the inner side of the join - so in this example, the two queries are effectively identical.
However, if you had included a condition on a value in the table in the outer side of the join, it would have made a significant difference.
You can get more from this link: http://ask.sqlservercentral.com/questions/80067/sql-data-filter-condition-in-join-vs-where-clause
For example:
select t1.f1,t2.f2 from t1 left join t2 on t1.f1 = t2.f2 and t2.f4=1
select t1.f1,t2.f2 from t1 left join t2 on t1.f1 = t2.f2 where t2.f4=1
- do different things - the former will left join to t2 records where f4 is 1, while the latter has effectively been turned back into an inner join to t2.
Difference between and and where in joins
Firstly there is a semantic difference. When you have a join, you are saying that the relationship between the two tables is defined by that condition. So in your first example you are saying that the tables are related by cd.Company = table2.Name AND table2.Id IN (2728)
. When you use the WHERE clause, you are saying that the relationship is defined by cd.Company = table2.Name
and that you only want the rows where the condition table2.Id IN (2728)
applies. Even though these give the same answer, it means very different things to a programmer reading your code.
In this case, the WHERE clause is almost certainly what you mean so you should use it.
Secondly there is actually difference in the result in the case that you use a LEFT JOIN instead of an INNER JOIN. If you include the second condition as part of the join, you will still get a result row if the condition fails - you will get values from the left table and nulls for the right table. If you include the condition as part of the WHERE clause and that condition fails, you won't get the row at all.
Here is an example to demonstrate this.
Query 1 (WHERE):
SELECT DISTINCT field1
FROM table1 cd
LEFT JOIN table2
ON cd.Company = table2.Name
WHERE table2.Id IN (2728);
Result:
field1
200
Query 2 (AND):
SELECT DISTINCT field1
FROM table1 cd
LEFT JOIN table2
ON cd.Company = table2.Name
AND table2.Id IN (2728);
Result:
field1
100
200
Test data used:
CREATE TABLE table1 (Company NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, Field1 INT NOT NULL);
INSERT INTO table1 (Company, Field1) VALUES
('FooSoft', 100),
('BarSoft', 200);
CREATE TABLE table2 (Id INT NOT NULL, Name NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL);
INSERT INTO table2 (Id, Name) VALUES
(2727, 'FooSoft'),
(2728, 'BarSoft');
Difference between ON and WHERE clauses in SQL table joins
The main difference is when you are using different joins.
Typically you should see the same result if you were to use inner joins, but once you start using LEFT joins the results will change.
Have a look at the following example
SQL Fiddle DEMO
And have a look at the following article (very explanatory)
EDIT for @ShannonSeverance
Schema and Test data
CREATE TABLE Table1 (
ID INT,
Val VARCHAR(20)
);
INSERT INTO Table1 VALUES (1,'a');
INSERT INTO Table1 VALUES (2,'a');
CREATE TABLE Table2 (
ID INT,
Val VARCHAR(20)
);
INSERT INTO Table2 VALUES (1,'a');
and Tests
SELECT t1.ID,
t1.Val,
t2.ID ID2,
t2.Val Val2
FROM Table1 t1 INNER JOIN
Table2 t2 ON t1.ID = t2.ID AND t1.Val = t2.Val;
SELECT t1.ID,
t1.Val,
t2.ID ID2,
t2.Val Val2
FROM Table1 t1,Table2 t2
WHERE t1.ID = t2.ID
AND t1.Val = t2.Val;
SELECT t1.ID,
t1.Val,
t2.ID ID2,
t2.Val Val2
FROM Table1 t1 LEFT JOIN
Table2 t2 ON t1.ID = t2.ID AND t1.Val = t2.Val;
SELECT t1.ID,
t1.Val,
t2.ID ID2,
t2.Val Val2
FROM Table1 t1 LEFT JOIN
Table2 t2 ON t1.ID = t2.ID
WHERE t1.Val = t2.Val;
Difference between where and and clause in join sql query
Base on the following two test result
select a.id, a.name,a.country from table a left join table b
on a.id = b.id
where a.name is not null
is faster (237 Vs 460). As far as I know, it is a standard.
Difference between inner join and where in select join SQL statement
One difference is that the first option hides the intent by expressing the join condition in the where clause.
The second option, where the join condition is written out is more clear for the user reading the query. It shows the exact intent of the query.
As far as performance or any other difference, there shouldn't be any. Both queries should return the exact same result and perform the same under most RDBMS.
SQL LEFT JOIN: difference between WHERE and condition inside AND
with a left join
there is a difference
with condition on left join
rows with column > 10
will be there filled with nulls
with where
condition rows will be filtered out
with a inner join
there is no difference
example:
declare @t table (id int, dummy varchar(20))
declare @a table (id int, age int, col int)
insert into @t
select * from (
values
(1, 'pippo' ),
(2, 'pluto' ),
(3, 'paperino' ),
(4, 'ciccio' ),
(5, 'caio' ),
(5, 'sempronio')
) x (c1,c2)
insert into @a
select * from (
values
(1, 38, 2 ),
(2, 26, 5 ),
(3, 41, 12),
(4, 15, 11),
(5, 39, 7 )
) x (c1,c2,c3)
select t.*, a.age
from @t t
left join @a a on t.ID = a.ID and a.col > 10
Outputs:
id dummy age
1 pippo NULL
2 pluto NULL
3 paperino 41
4 ciccio 15
5 caio NULL
5 sempronio NULL
While
select t.*, a.age
from @t t
left join @a a on t.ID = a.ID
where a.col > 10
Outputs:
id dummy age
3 paperino 41
4 ciccio 15
So with LEFT JOIN
you will get ALWAYS all the rows from 1st table
If the join condition is true, you will get columns from joined table filled with their values, if the condition is false their columns will be NULL
With WHERE
condition you will get only the rows that match the condition.
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