Generate random integers between 0 and 9
Try random.randrange
:
from random import randrange
print(randrange(10))
Generating random whole numbers in JavaScript in a specific range
There are some examples on the Mozilla Developer Network page:
/**
* Returns a random number between min (inclusive) and max (exclusive)
*/
function getRandomArbitrary(min, max) {
return Math.random() * (max - min) + min;
}
/**
* Returns a random integer between min (inclusive) and max (inclusive).
* The value is no lower than min (or the next integer greater than min
* if min isn't an integer) and no greater than max (or the next integer
* lower than max if max isn't an integer).
* Using Math.round() will give you a non-uniform distribution!
*/
function getRandomInt(min, max) {
min = Math.ceil(min);
max = Math.floor(max);
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
}
Here's the logic behind it. It's a simple rule of three:
Math.random()
returns a Number
between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive). So we have an interval like this:
[0 .................................... 1)
Now, we'd like a number between min
(inclusive) and max
(exclusive):
[0 .................................... 1)
[min .................................. max)
We can use the Math.random
to get the correspondent in the [min, max) interval. But, first we should factor a little bit the problem by subtracting min
from the second interval:
[0 .................................... 1)
[min - min ............................ max - min)
This gives:
[0 .................................... 1)
[0 .................................... max - min)
We may now apply Math.random
and then calculate the correspondent. Let's choose a random number:
Math.random()
|
[0 .................................... 1)
[0 .................................... max - min)
|
x (what we need)
So, in order to find x
, we would do:
x = Math.random() * (max - min);
Don't forget to add min
back, so that we get a number in the [min, max) interval:
x = Math.random() * (max - min) + min;
That was the first function from MDN. The second one, returns an integer between min
and max
, both inclusive.
Now for getting integers, you could use round
, ceil
or floor
.
You could use Math.round(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min
, this however gives a non-even distribution. Both, min
and max
only have approximately half the chance to roll:
min...min+0.5...min+1...min+1.5 ... max-0.5....max
└───┬───┘└────────┬───────┘└───── ... ─────┘└───┬──┘ ← Math.round()
min min+1 max
With max
excluded from the interval, it has an even less chance to roll than min
.
With Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min +1)) + min
you have a perfectly even distribution.
min.... min+1... min+2 ... max-1... max.... max+1 (is excluded from interval)
| | | | | |
└───┬───┘└───┬───┘└─── ... ┘└───┬───┘└───┬───┘ ← Math.floor()
min min+1 max-1 max
You can't use ceil()
and -1
in that equation because max
now had a slightly less chance to roll, but you can roll the (unwanted) min-1
result too.
Generating a Random Number between 1 and 10 Java
As the documentation says, this method call returns "a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed int value between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive)". This means that you will get numbers from 0 to 9 in your case. So you've done everything correctly by adding one to that number.
Generally speaking, if you need to generate numbers from min
to max
(including both), you write
random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min
Generate random number between two numbers in JavaScript
Important
The following code works only if the minimum value is `1`. It does not work for minimum values other than `1`.If you wanted to get a random integer between 1 (and only 1) and 6, you would calculate:
const rndInt = Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) + 1
console.log(rndInt)
Generate 'n' unique random numbers within a range
If you just need sampling without replacement:
>>> import random
>>> random.sample(range(1, 100), 3)
[77, 52, 45]
random.sample takes a population and a sample size k
and returns k
random members of the population.
If you have to control for the case where k
is larger than len(population)
, you need to be prepared to catch a ValueError
:
>>> try:
... random.sample(range(1, 2), 3)
... except ValueError:
... print('Sample size exceeded population size.')
...
Sample size exceeded population size
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