Error:Could Not Find Build Tools Necessary to Build

Error: Could not find build tools necessary to build dplyr

You can go to this address to download and install a newer version of Command Line Tools as well as XCode as mentioned by @alistaire, but the one you have is fine.

By the message you posted, it suggests a linkage problem. You want to create a symlink for the readline lib. Homebrew does this for us, but for some reason it didn't; so you may be able to solve this by creating the link manually with --force option as:

brew link readline --force

Error: Could not find build tools necessary to build stringi when trying devtools::install_github()

You can try running

/usr/bin/clang --version

If command line tools are installed, this should just report the version of clang installed; otherwise, you'll be prompted to install Xcode + Command Line Tools. (This is just a simple way of ensuring command line tools indeed are installed)

If you run

devtools::install_github("Rexamine/stringi")

in a plain R console, outside of RStudio, what do you see? Can you update your post with the errors (if any) printed to the console?

You might also try updating RStudio to the preview release (https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/preview/) to see if that helps.

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It seems like this is likely a bug in RStudio's build tools detection; you might try explicitly disabling it with:

options(buildtools.check = function(action) TRUE)

This should ensure that devtools doesn't try to call RStudio's build tools detection code and just assume that everything is available.

Install with devtools::install_github() fails to detect build tools

Looks like there are a few issues that you need to overcome to install this package (xcode command line tools and OpenMP support for a start), but you should overcome them if you follow the instructions here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/65334247/12957340

After making the necessary changes, I successfully installed gsynth on my system (macOS Big Sur 11.2.3 / R version 4.0.3) using devtools::install_github('xuyiqing/gsynth') without issue.

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Here are the instructions in case the link above dies:

1. Reinstall xcode command line tools (even if it says "up to date")

sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
sudo xcode-select --install

2. Install gcc & llvm via Homebrew (instructions for installing Homebrew) or, if you already have gcc/llvm installed via Homebrew, skip to the next step

# This can take several hours
brew install gcc
brew install llvm

3. Once you have gcc & llvm installed via Homebrew:

brew cleanup
brew update
brew upgrade
brew reinstall gcc
brew reinstall llvm

4. Link some headers into /usr/local/include

sudo ln -s /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/* /usr/local/include/

# You can safely ignore warnings like this:
#ln: /usr/local/include//tcl.h: File exists
#ln: /usr/local/include//tclDecls.h: File exists
#ln: /usr/local/include//tclPlatDecls.h: File exists
#ln: /usr/local/include//tclTomMath.h: File exists
#ln: /usr/local/include//tclTomMathDecls.h: File exists
#ln: /usr/local/include//tk.h: File exists
#ln: /usr/local/include//tkDecls.h: File exists
#ln: /usr/local/include//tkPlatDecls.h: File exists

5. Create a new ~/.R/Makevars file (if you already have a ~/.R/Makevars file, save it in a different directory (away from ~/.R/)) and include only these lines in the file:

FLIBS=-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin19/10.2.0 -L/usr/local/gfortran/lib -lgfortran -lquadmath -lm
CXX1X=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
CXX98=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
CXX11=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
CXX14=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
CXX17=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++

LLVM_LOC = /usr/local/opt/llvm
CC=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/gcc -fopenmp
CXX=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++ -fopenmp
CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -std=gnu99 -mtune=native -pipe
CXXFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -std=c++11 -mtune=native -pipe
LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -L$(LLVM_LOC)/lib -Wl,-rpath,$(LLVM_LOC)/lib
CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I$(LLVM_LOC)/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include

6. Compile a package from source in R/Rstudio

# To check whether openmp is enabled, compile data.table:
install.packages("data.table", type = "source")

7. If your package fails to compile, a couple of SO users have had to install a fresh gfortran (re: https://stackoverflow.com/a/65334247/12957340), which you can download from https://github.com/fxcoudert/gfortran-for-macOS/releases/tag/10.2-bigsur-intel

Pip error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required

You need to install Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 to install pycrypto:

error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools

In the comments you ask which link to use. Use the link to Visual C++ 2015 Build Tools. That will install Visual C++ 14.0 without installing Visual Studio.

Alternate link: https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers#Microsoft_Visual_C.2B-.2B-_14.2_standalone:_Build_Tools_for_Visual_Studio_2019_.28x86.2C_x64.2C_ARM.2C_ARM64.29

In the comments you ask about methods of installing pycrypto that do not require installing a compiler. The binaries in the links appear to be for earlier versions of Python than you are using. One link is to a binary in a DropBox account.

I do not recommend downloading binary versions of cryptography libraries provided by third parties. The only way to guarantee that you are getting a version of pycrypto that is compatible with your version of Python and has not been built with any backdoors is to build it from the source.

After you have installed Visual C++, just re-run the original command:

pip install -U steem

To find out what the various install options mean, run this command:

pip help install

The help for the -U option says

-U, --upgrade        Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available
                     version. The handling of dependencies depends on the
                     upgrade-strategy used.

If you do not already have the steem library installed, you can run the command without the -U option.

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