Sending Messages with Telegram - APIs or Cli

Sending messages with Telegram - APIs or CLI?

First create a bash script for telegram called tg.sh:

#!/bin/bash
now=$(date)
to=$1
subject=$2
body=$3
tgpath=/home/youruser/tg
LOGFILE="/home/youruser/tg.log"
cd ${tgpath}
${tgpath}/telegram -k ${tgpath}/tg-server.pub -W <<EOF
msg $to $subject
safe_quit
EOF
echo "$now Recipient=$to Message=$subject" >> ${LOGFILE}
echo "Finished" >> ${LOGFILE}

Then put the script in the same folder than your python script, and give it +x permission with chmod +x tg.sh

And finally from python, you can do:

import subprocess
subprocess.call(["./tg.sh", "user#****", "message here"])

How do I send & receives Telegram messages programmatically?

Have a look at MTProto libraries like telethon or pyrogram. They are user-friendly (with lots of helper functions to abstract raw telegram api calls and their interfaces somewhat resemble the telegram bot api)

Here is a sample code (from the telethon docs):

from telethon import TelegramClient

# Remember to use your own values from my.telegram.org!
api_id = 12345
api_hash = '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef'

client = TelegramClient('anon', api_id, api_hash)

async def main():
    # You can send messages to yourself...
    await client.send_message('me', 'Hello, myself!')
    # ...to some chat ID
    await client.send_message(-100123456, 'Hello, group!')
    # ...to your contacts
    await client.send_message('+34600123123', 'Hello, friend!')
    # ...or even to any username
    await client.send_message('TelethonChat', 'Hello, Telethon!')

with client:
    client.loop.run_until_complete(main())

How can I send a message to someone with my telegram bot using their Username

You can't send message to users using their username that is in form of @username, you can just send messages to channel usernames which your bot is administrator of it. Telegram bot api uses chat_id identifier for sending messages. If you want to achieve chat_id of users, you can use telegram-cli, but it's not easy at all because that project is discontinued and you should debug it yourself.
in your case you should do following command:

> resolve_username vahid_mas

and the output will be something like this:

{
  "user": {
    "username": "Vahid_Mas",
    "id": "$010000006459670b02c0c7fd66d44708",
    "last_name": "",
    "peer_type": "user",
    "print_name": "Vahid",
    "flags": 720897,
    "peer_id": 191322468,
    "first_name": "Vahid",
    "phone": "xxxxxxx"
  },
  "online": false,
  "event": "online-status",
  "state": -1,
  "when": "2017-01-22 17:43:16"
}

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