/Etc/Lsb-Release Vs /Etc/Os-Release

Getting OS name and version from Linx os-release file

Note; the order of the contents of /etc/*-release can't be guaranteed. This answer focus on OP's case;

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Use tac to reverse the output, then use tr '\n' ' ' to concatenate the lines;

cat /etc/*-release | egrep "PRETTY_NAME|VERSION_ID" | cut -d = -f 2 | tr -d '"' | tac | tr '\n' ' '
# 10 Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)

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Another option would be to read the second and third line of lsb_release witch has a more consistent output;

lsb_release -as 2>/dev/null | sed -n 2,3p | tac | tr '\n' ' '
# 10 Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)

Python: How to determine the specific Linux distribution being used?

In [24]: open('/etc/lsb-release').readline().strip().split('=')[-1]
Out[24]: 'LinuxMint'

Detecting the linux distribution from java

I think parsing a file is the way to go under Linux. You could of course do it only once.

The correct file to find such information on Linux would be /etc/*-release, which on my machine gives the following output:

$ cat /etc/*-release                                                                                        
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="14.04.3 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS"
VERSION_ID="14.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

You could then parse ID_LIKE variable which would give you the exact information you need (I can't guarantee that but I suppose it will always be in the 8th line on every Linux distribution).

Why does platform.linux_distribution() returns different results on one OS?

Ubuntu 14.04 includes two release files:

# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="14.04.3 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS"
VERSION_ID="14.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

root@yeni2:/# cat /etc/debian_version 
jessie/sid

Both are used by the function platform.linux_distribution() However, this function is patched by Ubuntu to return the Ubuntu OS name, see also the comment in the code (right is the file installed by Ubuntu, left is the file from the sources found in Python 2.7.10):

Python-2.7.10 # diff Lib/platform.py /mnt/ubu/\@/usr/lib/python2.7/platform.py
1c1
< #!/usr/bin/env python
---
> #! /usr/bin/python2.7
262c262
<     'UnitedLinux', 'turbolinux')
---
>     'UnitedLinux', 'turbolinux', 'Ubuntu')
290a291,294
> _distributor_id_file_re = re.compile("(?:DISTRIB_ID\s*=)\s*(.*)", re.I)
> _release_file_re = re.compile("(?:DISTRIB_RELEASE\s*=)\s*(.*)", re.I)
> _codename_file_re = re.compile("(?:DISTRIB_CODENAME\s*=)\s*(.*)", re.I)
> 
314a319,337
>     # check for the LSB /etc/lsb-release file first, needed so
>     # that the distribution doesn't get identified as Debian.
>     try:
>         with open("/etc/lsb-release", "rU") as etclsbrel:
>             for line in etclsbrel:
>                 m = _distributor_id_file_re.search(line)
>                 if m:
>                     _u_distname = m.group(1).strip()
>                 m = _release_file_re.search(line)
>                 if m:
>                     _u_version = m.group(1).strip()
>                 m = _codename_file_re.search(line)
>                 if m:
>                     _u_id = m.group(1).strip()
>             if _u_distname and _u_version:
>                 return (_u_distname, _u_version, _u_id)
>     except (EnvironmentError, UnboundLocalError):
>         pass
> 

Your python 2.7.9 compiled the source, does not contain the patch from Ubuntu, that is why it is returning the content of /etc/debian_version

How to get Linux distribution name and version?

Try:

cat /etc/lsb-release

You can also try

lsb_release -a

Or:

cat /proc/version

Extracting OS name and version number in Makefile

Try this

if [ -f /etc/lsb-release ]; then
    . /etc/lsb-release
    OS=$DISTRIB_ID
    VER=$DISTRIB_RELEASE
else
    OS=$(uname -s)
    VER=$(uname -r)
fi

echo $OS
echo $VER

Or like this sort command

OS=$(lsb_release -si)
ARCH=$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_//;s/i[3-6]86/32/')
VER=$(lsb_release -sr)

echo $OS
echo $VER
echo $ARCH

Or in makefile you require like this

UNAME_OS := $(shell lsb_release -si)

ifeq ($(UNAME_OS),Ubuntu)
     $(info YES UBUNTU DETECTED)
else
     $(info NO UBUNTU DETECTED)
endif

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