Tap Pressure Strength Detection Using Accelerometer

Tap pressure strength detection using accelerometer

Some good answers. Here's some working code. I implemented this as a subclass of UIGestureRecognizer so that you can just drop it in and attach it to a UIView or UIButton. Once triggered, it will have the "pressure" set to a float between 0.0f and 2.0f. You can optionally set the minimum and maximum pressures required to recognize. Enjoy.

//
//  CPBPressureTouchGestureRecognizer.h
//  PressureSensitiveButton
//
//  Created by Anthony Picciano on 3/21/11.
//  Copyright 2011 Anthony Picciano. All rights reserved.
//
//  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
//  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
//  are met:
//  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//  
//  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
//  IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
//  OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
//  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
//  INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
//  NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
//  DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
//  THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
//  (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
//  THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

#define CPBPressureNone         0.0f
#define CPBPressureLight        0.1f
#define CPBPressureMedium       0.3f
#define CPBPressureHard         0.8f
#define CPBPressureInfinite     2.0f

@interface CPBPressureTouchGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer <UIAccelerometerDelegate> {
    @public
    float pressure;
    float minimumPressureRequired;
    float maximumPressureRequired;

    @private
    float pressureValues[30];
    uint currentPressureValueIndex;
    uint setNextPressureValue;
}

@property (readonly, assign) float pressure;
@property (readwrite, assign) float minimumPressureRequired;
@property (readwrite, assign) float maximumPressureRequired;

@end


//
//  CPBPressureTouchGestureRecognizer.h
//  PressureSensitiveButton
//
//  Created by Anthony Picciano on 3/21/11.
//  Copyright 2011 Anthony Picciano. All rights reserved.
//
//  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
//  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
//  are met:
//  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//  
//  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
//  IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
//  OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
//  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
//  INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
//  NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
//  DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
//  THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
//  (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
//  THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//

#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
#import "CPBPressureTouchGestureRecognizer.h"

#define kUpdateFrequency            60.0f
#define KNumberOfPressureSamples    3

@interface CPBPressureTouchGestureRecognizer (private)
- (void)setup;
@end

@implementation CPBPressureTouchGestureRecognizer
@synthesize pressure, minimumPressureRequired, maximumPressureRequired;

- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target action:(SEL)action {
    self = [super initWithTarget:target action:action];
    if (self != nil) {
       [self setup]; 
    }
    return self;
}

- (id)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (self != nil) {
        [self setup];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)setup {
    minimumPressureRequired = CPBPressureNone;
    maximumPressureRequired = CPBPressureInfinite;
    pressure = CPBPressureNone;

    [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setUpdateInterval:1.0f / kUpdateFrequency];
    [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setDelegate:self];
}

#pragma -
#pragma UIAccelerometerDelegate methods

-(void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration {
    int sz = (sizeof pressureValues) / (sizeof pressureValues[0]);

    // set current pressure value
    pressureValues[currentPressureValueIndex%sz] = acceleration.z;

    if (setNextPressureValue > 0) {

        // calculate average pressure
        float total = 0.0f;
        for (int loop=0; loop<sz; loop++) total += pressureValues[loop]; 
        float average = total / sz;

        // start with most recent past pressure sample
        if (setNextPressureValue == KNumberOfPressureSamples) {
            float mostRecent = pressureValues[(currentPressureValueIndex-1)%sz];
            pressure = fabsf(average - mostRecent);
        }

        // caluculate pressure as difference between average and current acceleration
        float diff = fabsf(average - acceleration.z);
        if (pressure < diff) pressure = diff;
        setNextPressureValue--;

        if (setNextPressureValue == 0) {
            if (pressure >= minimumPressureRequired && pressure <= maximumPressureRequired)
                self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized;
            else
                self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed;
        }
    }

    currentPressureValueIndex++;
}

#pragma -
#pragma UIGestureRecognizer subclass methods

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    setNextPressureValue = KNumberOfPressureSamples;
    self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible;
}

- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed;
}

- (void)reset {
    pressure = CPBPressureNone;
    setNextPressureValue = 0;
    currentPressureValueIndex = 0;
}

@end

How to get touch size in iOS?

Size and pressure are two different animals. Penultimate most likely tests for a large amount of touches in a certain area (palms have a large area after all, generate tons of touches).

Touch "size" does not exist. IOS touch events are generated when a finger contacts the screen. The OS then takes a center point from the touch and that's what you get. It's not a CGRect, it's a CGPoint.

Pressure is 'easier' though. see here for a workaround: Tap pressure strength detection using accelerometer

And while I see you're in the market for private API's, github hosts a number of class dumps: http://github.com/kennytm/iphone-private-frameworks and https://github.com/nst/iOS-Runtime-Headers

Touch devices (iOS, Android)

Well, that entirely depends on the API. Android, for example, has a getPressure() accessor in MotionEvents that returns a float between 0.0f and 1.0f, but the actual granularity of your result obviously depends on the hardware - if the screen can only detect "pressed" vs "non-pressed", you will only ever get 0.0f or 1.0f.

EDIT: As per Julio Gorgé's answer, iOS does not offer this functionality.

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