C# Dynamic Event Subscription
You can compile expression trees to use void methods without any arguments as event handlers for events of any type. To accommodate other event handler types, you have to map the event handler's parameters to the events somehow.
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
class ExampleEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public int IntArg {get; set;}
}
class EventRaiser
{
public event EventHandler SomethingHappened;
public event EventHandler<ExampleEventArgs> SomethingHappenedWithArg;
public void RaiseEvents()
{
if (SomethingHappened!=null) SomethingHappened(this, EventArgs.Empty);
if (SomethingHappenedWithArg!=null)
{
SomethingHappenedWithArg(this, new ExampleEventArgs{IntArg = 5});
}
}
}
class Handler
{
public void HandleEvent() { Console.WriteLine("Handler.HandleEvent() called.");}
public void HandleEventWithArg(int arg) { Console.WriteLine("Arg: {0}",arg); }
}
static class EventProxy
{
//void delegates with no parameters
static public Delegate Create(EventInfo evt, Action d)
{
var handlerType = evt.EventHandlerType;
var eventParams = handlerType.GetMethod("Invoke").GetParameters();
//lambda: (object x0, EventArgs x1) => d()
var parameters = eventParams.Select(p=>Expression.Parameter(p.ParameterType,"x"));
var body = Expression.Call(Expression.Constant(d),d.GetType().GetMethod("Invoke"));
var lambda = Expression.Lambda(body,parameters.ToArray());
return Delegate.CreateDelegate(handlerType, lambda.Compile(), "Invoke", false);
}
//void delegate with one parameter
static public Delegate Create<T>(EventInfo evt, Action<T> d)
{
var handlerType = evt.EventHandlerType;
var eventParams = handlerType.GetMethod("Invoke").GetParameters();
//lambda: (object x0, ExampleEventArgs x1) => d(x1.IntArg)
var parameters = eventParams.Select(p=>Expression.Parameter(p.ParameterType,"x")).ToArray();
var arg = getArgExpression(parameters[1], typeof(T));
var body = Expression.Call(Expression.Constant(d),d.GetType().GetMethod("Invoke"), arg);
var lambda = Expression.Lambda(body,parameters);
return Delegate.CreateDelegate(handlerType, lambda.Compile(), "Invoke", false);
}
//returns an expression that represents an argument to be passed to the delegate
static Expression getArgExpression(ParameterExpression eventArgs, Type handlerArgType)
{
if (eventArgs.Type==typeof(ExampleEventArgs) && handlerArgType==typeof(int))
{
//"x1.IntArg"
var memberInfo = eventArgs.Type.GetMember("IntArg")[0];
return Expression.MakeMemberAccess(eventArgs,memberInfo);
}
throw new NotSupportedException(eventArgs+"->"+handlerArgType);
}
}
static class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
var raiser = new EventRaiser();
var handler = new Handler();
//void delegate with no parameters
string eventName = "SomethingHappened";
var eventinfo = raiser.GetType().GetEvent(eventName);
eventinfo.AddEventHandler(raiser,EventProxy.Create(eventinfo,handler.HandleEvent));
//void delegate with one parameter
string eventName2 = "SomethingHappenedWithArg";
var eventInfo2 = raiser.GetType().GetEvent(eventName2);
eventInfo2.AddEventHandler(raiser,EventProxy.Create<int>(eventInfo2,handler.HandleEventWithArg));
//or even just:
eventinfo.AddEventHandler(raiser,EventProxy.Create(eventinfo,()=>Console.WriteLine("!")));
eventInfo2.AddEventHandler(raiser,EventProxy.Create<int>(eventInfo2,i=>Console.WriteLine(i+"!")));
raiser.RaiseEvents();
}
}
Dynamic Event Subscription and 1 handler
In your second attempt, the variable c shouldn't be a ParameterExpression, but a ConstantExpression with the value set to the current command instead. With the current code, you are creating a handler, which essentially looks like this:
(_sender, _e) => this.EventAssistant(_sender, _e, _c)
// The expression expects "_c" to be a parameter of the lambda, which is why
// you're getting that exception
However, if you change
var c = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Command), "command");
to
var c = Expression.Constant(command);
the generated code will look (and work, of course) as expected:
(_sender, _e) => this.EventAssistant(_sender, _e, command)
How to dynamically subscribe to an event?
After some research I found some articles:
- How to: Hook Up a Delegate Using Reflection
- Delegate.CreateDelegate Method (Type, Object, MethodInfo, Boolean)
It helped me to understand what I was trying to do and I should do.
I need to use Delegate.CreateDelegate passing the EventHandlerType (the type of the event, the delegate), a instance of a class and the method info of the method (from the class in the previous parameter) that will handle the event. Target is the control that fires this event.
Delegate handler = Delegate.CreateDelegate(evt.EventHandlerType, abc, mi1, false);
evt.AddEventHandler(target, handler);
Further digging lead me to this method. I can subscribe to events using lambda expression. Using Action<T> I can subscribe with different types and numbers of parameters.
public static Delegate Create<T>(EventInfo e, Action<T> a)
{
var parameters = e.EventHandlerType.GetMethod("Invoke").GetParameters().Select(p => Expression.Parameter(p.ParameterType, "p")).ToArray();
var exp = Expression.Call(Expression.Constant(a), a.GetType().GetMethod("Invoke"), parameters);
var l = Expression.Lambda(exp, parameters);
return Delegate.CreateDelegate(e.EventHandlerType, l.Compile(), "Invoke", false);
}
Using this method (e is the EventInfo; EventManager is the class with the static method above)
e.AddEventHandler(this, EventManager.Create<int>(e, (x) => Console.WriteLine("Execute")));
C# Passing Parameters - Dynamic Event Subscription
Ok, so i read what you said about decoupling application modules in MVC-like style. I normally like to work with strong typed code, even when using reflection, but i'm relatively new to MVC, and don't know the recommended practices. You know your requirements better than i do, so i simply edited Nguyen's solution, because i believe he was using some extensions that were not included in the file, and posted the result here. All credit goes to Nguyen.
namespace Dynamics
{
public static class DynamicHandler
{
/// <summary>
/// Invokes a static delegate using supplied parameters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType">The type where the delegate belongs to.</param>
/// <param name="delegateName">The field name of the delegate.</param>
/// <param name="parameters">The parameters used to invoke the delegate.</param>
/// <returns>The return value of the invocation.</returns>
public static object InvokeDelegate(this Type targetType, string delegateName, params object[] parameters)
{
return ((Delegate)targetType.GetField(delegateName).GetValue(null)).DynamicInvoke(parameters);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invokes an instance delegate using supplied parameters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="target">The object where the delegate belongs to.</param>
/// <param name="delegateName">The field name of the delegate.</param>
/// <param name="parameters">The parameters used to invoke the delegate.</param>
/// <returns>The return value of the invocation.</returns>
public static object InvokeDelegate(this object target, string delegateName, params object[] parameters)
{
return ((Delegate)target.GetType().GetField(delegateName).GetValue(target)).DynamicInvoke(parameters);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a dynamic handler for a static delegate.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType">The type where the delegate belongs to.</param>
/// <param name="fieldName">The field name of the delegate.</param>
/// <param name="func">The function which will be invoked whenever the delegate is invoked.</param>
/// <returns>The return value of the invocation.</returns>
public static Type AddHandler(this Type targetType, string fieldName,
Func<object[], object> func)
{
return InternalAddHandler(targetType, fieldName, func, null, false);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a dynamic handler for an instance delegate.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="target">The object where the delegate belongs to.</param>
/// <param name="fieldName">The field name of the delegate.</param>
/// <param name="func">The function which will be invoked whenever the delegate is invoked.</param>
/// <returns>The return value of the invocation.</returns>
public static Type AddHandler(this object target, string fieldName,
Func<object[], object> func)
{
return InternalAddHandler(target.GetType(), fieldName, func, target, false);
}
/// <summary>
/// Assigns a dynamic handler for a static delegate or event.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType">The type where the delegate or event belongs to.</param>
/// <param name="fieldName">The field name of the delegate or event.</param>
/// <param name="func">The function which will be invoked whenever the delegate or event is fired.</param>
/// <returns>The return value of the invocation.</returns>
public static Type AssignHandler(this Type targetType, string fieldName,
Func<object[], object> func)
{
return InternalAddHandler(targetType, fieldName, func, null, true);
}
/// <summary>
/// Assigns a dynamic handler for a static delegate or event.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="target">The object where the delegate or event belongs to.</param>
/// <param name="fieldName">The field name of the delegate or event.</param>
/// <param name="func">The function which will be invoked whenever the delegate or event is fired.</param>
/// <returns>The return value of the invocation.</returns>
public static Type AssignHandler(this object target, string fieldName, Func<object[], object> func)
{
return InternalAddHandler(target.GetType(), fieldName, func, target, true);
}
private static Type InternalAddHandler(Type targetType, string fieldName,
Func<object[], object> func, object target, bool assignHandler)
{
Type delegateType;
var bindingFlags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic |
(target == null ? BindingFlags.Static : BindingFlags.Instance);
var eventInfo = targetType.GetEvent(fieldName, bindingFlags);
if (eventInfo != null && assignHandler)
throw new ArgumentException("Event can be assigned. Use AddHandler() overloads instead.");
if (eventInfo != null)
{
delegateType = eventInfo.EventHandlerType;
var dynamicHandler = BuildDynamicHandler(delegateType, func);
eventInfo.GetAddMethod(true).Invoke(target, new Object[] { dynamicHandler });
}
else
{
var fieldInfo = targetType.GetField(fieldName);
//,target == null ? BindingFlags.Static : BindingFlags.Instance);
delegateType = fieldInfo.FieldType;
var dynamicHandler = BuildDynamicHandler(delegateType, func);
var field = assignHandler ? null : target == null
? (Delegate)fieldInfo.GetValue(null)
: (Delegate)fieldInfo.GetValue(target);
field = field == null
? dynamicHandler
: Delegate.Combine(field, dynamicHandler);
if (target != null)
target.GetType().GetField(fieldName).SetValue(target, field);
else
targetType.GetField(fieldName).SetValue(null, field);
//(target ?? targetType).SetFieldValue(fieldName, field);
}
return delegateType;
}
/// <summary>
/// Dynamically generates code for a method whose can be used to handle a delegate of type
/// <paramref name="delegateType"/>. The generated method will forward the call to the
/// supplied <paramref name="func"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="delegateType">The delegate type whose dynamic handler is to be built.</param>
/// <param name="func">The function which will be forwarded the call whenever the generated
/// handler is invoked.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Delegate BuildDynamicHandler(this Type delegateType, Func<object[], object> func)
{
var invokeMethod = delegateType.GetMethod("Invoke");
var parameters = invokeMethod.GetParameters().Select(parm =>
Expression.Parameter(parm.ParameterType, parm.Name)).ToArray();
var instance = func.Target == null ? null : Expression.Constant(func.Target);
var convertedParameters = parameters.Select(parm => Expression.Convert(parm, typeof(object))).Cast<Expression>().ToArray();
var call = Expression.Call(instance, func.Method, Expression.NewArrayInit(typeof(object), convertedParameters));
var body = invokeMethod.ReturnType == typeof(void)
? (Expression)call
: Expression.Convert(call, invokeMethod.ReturnType);
var expr = Expression.Lambda(delegateType, body, parameters);
return expr.Compile();
}
}
}
And i also added some code to test the methods, i could have just used simple lambdas when i assigned the callback delegates, but i rather use the "return true" definitions because i set breakpoints to check that the functions are actually called.
class TestClass
{
private void Test()
{
TestInstance();
TestStatic();
}
private void TestInstance()
{
var eventClass = new EventClass();
eventClass.InvokeDelegate("InstanceEventRaiseDelegate");
eventClass.AddHandler("InstanceEvent", parameters =>
{
return true;
});
eventClass.AddHandler("InstanceEventRaiseDelegate", parameters =>
{
return true;
});
eventClass.InvokeDelegate("InstanceEventRaiseDelegate");
eventClass.AssignHandler("InstanceEventRaiseDelegate", parameters =>
{
return true;
});
eventClass.InvokeDelegate("InstanceEventRaiseDelegate");
}
private void TestStatic()
{
typeof(EventClass).InvokeDelegate("StaticEventRaiseDelegate");
typeof(EventClass).AddHandler("StaticEvent", parameters =>
{
return true;
});
typeof(EventClass).AddHandler("StaticEventRaiseDelegate", parameters =>
{
return true;
});
typeof(EventClass).InvokeDelegate("StaticEventRaiseDelegate");
typeof(EventClass).AssignHandler("StaticEventRaiseDelegate", parameters =>
{
return true;
});
typeof(EventClass).InvokeDelegate("StaticEventRaiseDelegate");
}
public class EventClass
{
#region Instance
public EventClass()
{
InstanceEventRaiseDelegate = OnInstanceEvent;
}
public Action InstanceEventRaiseDelegate;
public event EventHandler InstanceEvent;
public void OnInstanceEvent()
{
if (InstanceEvent != null)
InstanceEvent(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
#endregion
#region Static
static EventClass()
{
StaticEventRaiseDelegate = OnStaticEvent;
}
public static Action StaticEventRaiseDelegate;
public static event EventHandler StaticEvent;
public static void OnStaticEvent()
{
if (StaticEvent != null)
StaticEvent(null, EventArgs.Empty);
}
#endregion
}
}
Sorry for the late response, but it seems you were able to find the solution elsewhere :), goodluck.
C# dynamically add event handler
try:
/* HERE IS WERE I NEED HELP */
item.Click += new EventHandler(toolStripClick);
actual handler:
void toolStripClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ToolStripItem item = (ToolStripItem)sender;
MessageBox.Show(item.Text);
}
C# 2.0 Dynamic Event Subscription with known event signature
Quite simply, you can't subscribe to an event using the wrong kind of delegate.
What you could do is create the right kind of delegate in HandleEvent:
private void HandleEvent(string eventName, Delegate handler)
{
try
{
BindingFlags bindingFlags = BindingFlags.Instance |
BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic;
EventInfo mediaItemFellback = m_PlayerType.GetEvent(eventName, bindingFlags);
Delegate correctHandler = Delegate.CreateDelegate(
mediaItemFellback.EventHandlerType, handler.Target, handler.Method);
mediaItemFellback.AddEventHandler(m_Player, correctHandler);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
}
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