Right Justifying Output Stream in C++

Right Justifying output stream in C++

You need to use std::setw in conjunction with std::right.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main(void)
{
   std::cout << std::right << std::setw(13) << "foobar" << std::endl;
   return 0;
}

Aligning output on the right in c++

Change the order of the operators to solve this problem:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main()
{
    std::cout << std::left << std::setw(10) << "Hello" << "World\n";
    std::cout << std::left << std::setw(10) << "Goodbye" << "World\n";
    return 0;
}

• You have to place all operators before the value you like to format.
• Avoid using using namespace std.

The std::setw() operator sets the field with for the next value. And the std::left or std::right operators set the position of the value in this field.

This example

std::cout << std::left << std::setw(10) << "word1"
    << std::right << std::setw(20) << "word2" << std::endl;

Will create this kind of formatting:

AAAAAAAAAABBBB
word1                    word2

You see there is a first "field" with 10 characters in which the first text is placed, and a second "field" with 20 characters in which the second word is placed right aligned. But if the text in the first field is longer than the field, this happens:

AAAAAAAAAA....BBBB
word1istoolong               word2

The second field is just shifted the number of characters. The stream never keeps track of the current position, it just build the output using "fields" of a given size.

To justify text for a given page with, use code like this:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <list>

const int pageWidth = 78;
typedef std::list<std::string> WordList;

WordList splitTextIntoWords( const std::string &text )
{
    WordList words;
    std::istringstream in(text);
    std::string word;
    while (in) {
        in >> word;
        words.push_back(word);
    }
    return words;
}

void justifyLine( std::string line )
{
    size_t pos = line.find_first_of(' ');
    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
        while (line.size() < pageWidth) {
            pos = line.find_first_not_of(' ', pos);
            line.insert(pos, " ");
            pos = line.find_first_of(' ', pos+1);
            if (pos == std::string::npos) {
                pos = line.find_first_of(' ');
            }
        }
    }
    std::cout << line << std::endl;
}

void justifyText( const std::string &text )
{
    WordList words = splitTextIntoWords(text);

    std::string line;
    for (WordList::const_iterator it = words.begin(); it != words.end(); ++it) {
        if (line.size() + it->size() + 1 > pageWidth) { // next word doesn't fit into the line.
            justifyLine(line);
            line.clear();
            line = *it;
        } else {
            if (!line.empty()) {
                line.append(" ");
            }
            line.append(*it);
        }
    }
    std::cout << line << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    justifyText("This small code sample will format a paragraph which "
        "is passed to the justify text function to fill the "
        "selected page with and insert breaks where necessary. "
        "It is working like the justify formatting in text "
        "processors.");
    return 0;
}

This example justifies each line to fill the given page with at the begin. It works by splitting the text into words, filling lines with these words, and justifies each line to exactly match the width.

Align text to right in C

You can use printf("%*s", <width>, "a"); to print any text right aligned by variable no. of spaces.

Check here live.

Displaying output to the right

I guess it should be intutive. Add setw to second print also:

cout << "Assessment: " << setw(18) << "$ " << setw(10) << std::right << srAssessment << endl;
//                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

cout << "Annual Property Tax" << setw(11) << "$ " << setw(10) << std::right << annualPropTax << endl;
//                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^

cout << "Quarterly Property Tax" << setw(8) << "$ " << setw(10) << std::right << quarterlyTax;
//                                                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

C how do I right align string and float

Get rid of the minus in your format statement.

%<width>s

example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
        printf("%15s %5d %5.2f 0x%08X\n", "hello", 42, 3.14, 0xDEAD);
        return 0;
}

output:

Chris@DESKTOP-BCMC1RF ~
$ ./main.exe
          hello    42  3.14 0x0000DEAD

How to align output?

In your suggested code:

    cout<<a[x]<<setw(5)<<"|"<<setw(5)<<b[x]<<endl;

you have two problems that are leading to misalignment. (1) you have not provided any width for a[x] so it will be output without any adjustment; and (2) depending on the alignment you seek, the default justification when a width is specified for std::cout will be right justified.

(additionally, as noted in my comment, in your first example, a[0] and a[1] cannot have the same length as the example suggests. There "frd " is stored with additional whitespace (or "asd\b" is stored with an embedded backspace) otherwise the output of "a[x]|" would be aligned.)

To provide alignment for the output of both a and b, you must specify, at minimum, the width of a[x] with std::setw(n). Further, unless you want a[x] aligned to the right of the field created by std::setw(5), you must control the justification by setting std::ios_base::fmtflags with std::setiosflags(std::ios_base::left) (or simply std::left). See std::setiosflags.

When you set a format flag for the stream, you are setting bits in a Bitmap type that will remain set after the current call to std::cout completes. So to tidy up after yourself and restore the flag state of the stream to default, you either (1) have to save the fmtflags for the stream with by capturing all flags with std::ios_base::fmtflags or (2) you must reset the individual flag you set with std::resetiosflags(...).

So if I understand your question and your request for alignment (though it is unclear how you want b[x] aligned), you could align both a and b with left justification by:

    std::cout << "left justified output (both a & b)\n\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
        std::cout << std::left  << std::setw(5) 
                << a[i] << " | " << b[i] << '\n';

or you could align a with left justification and then restore the default flag state letting b be output with default (right) justification, e.g.

    std::cout << "\nleft justified output for a, default for b\n\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
        std::cout << std::left  << std::setw(5) 
                << a[i] << " | " << std::resetiosflags(std::ios_base::left) 
                << std::setw(5) << b[i] << '\n';

Putting that altogether in an example, you could do:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

int main (void) {

    std::vector<std::string> a = { "frd", "asdfg", "asd", "quack" }, 
                             b = { "hehe", "hohoo", "haloo", "hack" };

    std::cout << "left justified output (both a & b)\n\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
        std::cout << std::left  << std::setw(5) 
                << a[i] << " | " << b[i] << '\n';

    std::cout << "\nleft justified output for a, default for b\n\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
        std::cout << std::left  << std::setw(5) 
                << a[i] << " | " << std::resetiosflags(std::ios_base::left) 
                << std::setw(5) << b[i] << '\n';
}

Example Use/Output

$ ./bin/setwstring
left justified output (both a & b)

frd   | hehe
asdfg | hohoo
asd   | haloo
quack | hack

left justified output for a, default for b

frd   |  hehe
asdfg | hohoo
asd   | haloo
quack |  hack

Note: if you want to make multiple changes to flags within the course of an output operation and then restore ALL format flags to their original state, you can use:

    std::ios_base::fmtflags f = std::cout.flags (); // save ios_base flags
    // do output, set flags as desired
    std::cout.flags (f);                            // restore saved flags

Let me know if this addresses the alignment you were attempting to achieve.

C++: right justified field ouput

You can use std::right and std::setw to get right justified fields in iostream. The default padding char is space, but you can change it with setfill(). Also, right isn't strictly necessary as I believe it is the default, but it's nice to be explicit.

std::cout << std::right << std::setw(8) << data_var

Right justifying with printf

Try this:

printf("%-40s", "Test");

The 40 tells printf to pad the string so that it takes 40 characters (this is the padding specifier). The - tells to pad at the right (this is the alignment specifier).

See the conversion specifications documenation.

So, to print the whole array:

$max_key_length = max(array_map('strlen', array_keys($array)));
$max_value_length = max(array_map('strlen', $array));

foreach($array as $key => $value) {
    printf("%-{$max_key_length}s   %{$max_value_length}s\n", $key, $value);
}

Try it here: http://codepad.org/ZVDk52ad

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