How to Transform Rows into Columns in SQL Server 2005

How do i transform rows into columns in sql server 2005

There are similar questions here,here answered in stackoverflow.

You need to use the operator PIVOT in your query to acheive this.Here is the example and explanation on how you can do that.The example is referenced from this source.

---I assumed your tablename as TESTTABLE---
DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR(2000)
DECLARE @query NVARCHAR(4000)

SELECT  @cols = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT TOP 100 PERCENT
                                '],[' + t.Name
                        FROM    TESTTABLE AS t
                        ORDER BY '],[' + t.Name
                        FOR XML PATH('')
                      ), 1, 2, '') + ']'

SET @query = N'SELECT '+ @cols +' FROM
(SELECT t1.Name , t1.Count FROM TESTTABLE AS t1) p
PIVOT (MAX([Count]) FOR Name IN ( '+ @cols +' ))
AS pvt;'

EXECUTE(@query)

Explanation

1.The first part of the query

SELECT  @cols = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT TOP 100 PERCENT
                        '],[' + t.Name
                FROM TESTTABLE AS t
                ORDER BY '],[' + t.Name
                FOR XML PATH('')
              ), 1, 2, '') + ']'

gives you a nice flattened result of your Name column values in a single row as follow

[Cheryl],[Drew],[Karen],[Kath],[Kirk],[Matt]  

You can learn more about the STUFF and XML PATH here and here.

2.SELECT + @cols + FROM will select all the rows as coloumn names for the final result set (pvt - step 3)

i.e

Select [Chery],[Drew],[Morgan],[Kath],[Kirk],[Matt] 

3.This query pulls all the rows of data that we need to create the cross-tab results. The (p) after the query is creating a temporary table of the results that can then be used to satisfy the query for step 1.

(SELECT t1.Name, t1.Count FROM  TESTTABLE AS t1) p

4.The PIVOT expression

PIVOT (MAX (Count) FOR Name IN ( @cols) AS pvt

does the actual summarization and puts the results into a temporary table called pvt as

Chery | Drew | Morgon | Kath | Kirk | Matt  
-------------------------------------------  
257     1500     13      500    200    76

converting rows into columns in t-sql - sql server 2005

Assuming your data is in aTable:

create  FUNCTION toCSV (@id int)

RETURNS varchar(100)

AS

BEGIN

DECLARE @List varchar(100)

SELECT @List = COALESCE(@List + ', ', '') + 
   CAST(name AS varchar(10))

FROM aTable

WHERE ID = @id

RETURN(@list)

END;

go

Then:

select distinct id, dbo.toCSV(id) from aTable

How to transform Rows into Column Sql Server

Here is a sample query that might help you to achieve your required output. This query will work in case you have that 5 rows in real as well. In case of more rows and variety in data, you need to adjust the query as per your data and required output.

SELECT 
MAX(CASE WHEN LabelID = 1 THEN  LabelName END) [1],
MAX(CASE WHEN LabelID = 2 THEN  LabelName END) [2],
MAX(CASE WHEN LabelID = 3 THEN  LabelName END) [3],
MAX(CASE WHEN LabelID = 4 THEN  LabelName END) [4],
MAX(CASE WHEN LabelID = 5 THEN  LabelName END)[5]
FROM your_table

Simple way to transpose columns and rows in SQL?

There are several ways that you can transform this data. In your original post, you stated that PIVOT seems too complex for this scenario, but it can be applied very easily using both the UNPIVOT and PIVOT functions in SQL Server.

However, if you do not have access to those functions this can be replicated using UNION ALL to UNPIVOT and then an aggregate function with a CASE statement to PIVOT:

Create Table:

CREATE TABLE yourTable([color] varchar(5), [Paul] int, [John] int, [Tim] int, [Eric] int);

INSERT INTO yourTable
    ([color], [Paul], [John], [Tim], [Eric])
VALUES
    ('Red', 1, 5, 1, 3),
    ('Green', 8, 4, 3, 5),
    ('Blue', 2, 2, 9, 1);

Union All, Aggregate and CASE Version:

select name,
  sum(case when color = 'Red' then value else 0 end) Red,
  sum(case when color = 'Green' then value else 0 end) Green,
  sum(case when color = 'Blue' then value else 0 end) Blue
from
(
  select color, Paul value, 'Paul' name
  from yourTable
  union all
  select color, John value, 'John' name
  from yourTable
  union all
  select color, Tim value, 'Tim' name
  from yourTable
  union all
  select color, Eric value, 'Eric' name
  from yourTable
) src
group by name

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

The UNION ALL performs the UNPIVOT of the data by transforming the columns Paul, John, Tim, Eric into separate rows. Then you apply the aggregate function sum() with the case statement to get the new columns for each color.

Unpivot and Pivot Static Version:

Both the UNPIVOT and PIVOT functions in SQL server make this transformation much easier. If you know all of the values that you want to transform, you can hard-code them into a static version to get the result:

select name, [Red], [Green], [Blue]
from
(
  select color, name, value
  from yourtable
  unpivot
  (
    value for name in (Paul, John, Tim, Eric)
  ) unpiv
) src
pivot
(
  sum(value)
  for color in ([Red], [Green], [Blue])
) piv

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

The inner query with the UNPIVOT performs the same function as the UNION ALL. It takes the list of columns and turns it into rows, the PIVOT then performs the final transformation into columns.

Dynamic Pivot Version:

If you have an unknown number of columns (Paul, John, Tim, Eric in your example) and then an unknown number of colors to transform you can use dynamic sql to generate the list to UNPIVOT and then PIVOT:

DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @colsPivot as  NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @colsUnpivot = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.name)
         from sys.columns as C
         where C.object_id = object_id('yourtable') and
               C.name <> 'color'
         for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')

select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT  ',' 
                      + quotename(color)
                    from yourtable t
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query 
  = 'select name, '+@colsPivot+'
      from
      (
        select color, name, value
        from yourtable
        unpivot
        (
          value for name in ('+@colsUnpivot+')
        ) unpiv
      ) src
      pivot
      (
        sum(value)
        for color in ('+@colsPivot+')
      ) piv'

exec(@query)

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

The dynamic version queries both yourtable and then the sys.columns table to generate the list of items to UNPIVOT and PIVOT. This is then added to a query string to be executed. The plus of the dynamic version is if you have a changing list of colors and/or names this will generate the list at run-time.

All three queries will produce the same result:

| NAME | RED | GREEN | BLUE |
-----------------------------
| Eric |   3 |     5 |    1 |
| John |   5 |     4 |    2 |
| Paul |   1 |     8 |    2 |
|  Tim |   1 |     3 |    9 |

SQL Server - Transpose rows into columns

You also need a value field in your query for each id to aggregate on. Then you can do something like this

select [1234], [1235]
from
(
    -- replace code below with your query, e.g. select id, value from table
    select
    id = 1234,
    value = 1
    union
    select
    id = 1235,
    value = 2
) a
pivot
(
  avg(value) for id in ([1234], [1235])
) as pvt

Convert Rows to columns using 'Pivot' in SQL Server

If you are using SQL Server 2005+, then you can use the PIVOT function to transform the data from rows into columns.

It sounds like you will need to use dynamic sql if the weeks are unknown but it is easier to see the correct code using a hard-coded version initially.

First up, here are some quick table definitions and data for use:

CREATE TABLE yt 
(
  [Store] int, 
  [Week] int, 
  [xCount] int
);
    
INSERT INTO yt
(
  [Store], 
  [Week], [xCount]
)
VALUES
    (102, 1, 96),
    (101, 1, 138),
    (105, 1, 37),
    (109, 1, 59),
    (101, 2, 282),
    (102, 2, 212),
    (105, 2, 78),
    (109, 2, 97),
    (105, 3, 60),
    (102, 3, 123),
    (101, 3, 220),
    (109, 3, 87);

If your values are known, then you will hard-code the query:

select *
from 
(
  select store, week, xCount
  from yt 
) src
pivot
(
  sum(xcount)
  for week in ([1], [2], [3])
) piv;

See SQL Demo

Then if you need to generate the week number dynamically, your code will be:

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(Week) 
                    from yt
                    group by Week
                    order by Week
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query = 'SELECT store,' + @cols + ' from 
             (
                select store, week, xCount
                from yt
            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                sum(xCount)
                for week in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p '

execute(@query);

See SQL Demo.

The dynamic version, generates the list of week numbers that should be converted to columns. Both give the same result:

| STORE |   1 |   2 |   3 |
---------------------------
|   101 | 138 | 282 | 220 |
|   102 |  96 | 212 | 123 |
|   105 |  37 |  78 |  60 |
|   109 |  59 |  97 |  87 |

Convert Database Rows into Columns

If you're using SQL Server 2005 then you can use the Pivot operator.

See this MSDN article.

Here's the SQL Server 2005 T-SQL to do what you want to do:

DECLARE @listCol VARCHAR(2000)
DECLARE @query VARCHAR(4000)
SELECT  @listCol = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT
                                '],[' + Hotel
                        FROM    dbo.tblHotels
                        ORDER BY '],[' + Hotel
                        FOR XML PATH('')
                                    ), 1, 2, '') + ']'

SET @query =
'SELECT * FROM
      (SELECT cDate,Hotel,price
            FROM dbo.tblHotels) p
PIVOT (SUM(price) FOR Hotel
IN ('+@listCol+')) AS pvt'

EXECUTE (@query)

SQL server: convert rows to columns

You should take a look at PIVOT for switching rows with columns. This prevents a select statement for each month. Something like this:

DECLARE @salesTable TABLE
(
    [month] INT,
    sales INT
)

-- Note that I use SQL Server 2008 INSERT syntax here for inserting
-- multiple rows in one statement!
INSERT INTO @salesTable
VALUES (0, 2) ,(0, 2) ,(1, 2) ,(1, 2) ,(2, 2)
      ,(3, 2) ,(3, 2) ,(4, 2) ,(4, 2) ,(5, 2)
      ,(6, 2) ,(6, 2) ,(7, 2) ,(8, 2) ,(8, 2)
      ,(9, 2) ,(10, 2) ,(10, 2) ,(11, 2) ,(11, 2)

SELECT [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]
FROM
(
    SELECT [month], sales
    FROM @salesTable
) AS SourceTable
PIVOT
(
    SUM(sales)
    FOR [month] IN ([0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11])
) AS PivotTable

Transpose rows to columns - SQL2005

It can be done using INFORMATION_SCHEMA, UNPIVOT, CAST and EXEC. Here's a working solution.

CREATE TABLE #Data ([Status] int, [Wage] varchar(100), [Tax] decimal(10,3), BigText nvarchar(max))
INSERT #Data VALUES (7, '$12m', 123123.22, 'small island')

SELECT ORDINAL_POSITION, COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE
+ CASE WHEN CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH > 0 THEN '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS nvarchar(10)) + ')' WHEN CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH = -1 THEN '(max)' ELSE '' END
+ CASE WHEN DATA_TYPE IN ('numeric', 'decimal') AND NUMERIC_PRECISION > 0 THEN '(' + CAST(NUMERIC_PRECISION AS nvarchar(10)) 
    + CASE WHEN NUMERIC_SCALE > 0 THEN ',' + CAST(NUMERIC_SCALE AS NVARCHAR(10)) ELSE '' END
 + ')' ELSE '' END DATA_TYPE
INTO #Columns
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS C
WHERE C.TABLE_NAME LIKE '#Data%'
ORDER BY C.ORDINAL_POSITION

DECLARE @selectList nvarchar(max), @columnNames nvarchar(max)

SELECT @selectList = ISNULL(@selectList + ',', '') + 'CAST(' + QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME) + ' AS nvarchar(max)) ' + QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME),
    @columnNames = ISNULL(@columnNames + ',', '') + QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME)
FROM #Columns

DECLARE @unpivot nvarchar(max)

SET @unpivot = '
    SELECT b.Column_Name, b.DataValue, c.Data_Type
    FROM
    (
        SELECT ' + @selectList + ' FROM #Data
    ) a
    UNPIVOT (DataValue FOR Column_Name IN (' + @columnNames + ')) b
    JOIN #Columns c ON c.Column_Name = b.Column_Name
'

EXEC (@unpivot)

Transpose rows into columns in SQL without using aggregate functions like MAX, AVG etc

You can use max() with characters/string. A simple old style pivot will work for this:

select
    RollNo
  , Q1 = max(case when QuesBlock = 1 then RespVal else null end)
  , Q2 = max(case when QuesBlock = 2 then RespVal else null end)
  , Q3 = max(case when QuesBlock = 3 then RespVal else null end)
from MyDataTable
group by RollNo;

or with pivot() like so:

select
    RollNo
  , Q1
  , Q2
  , Q3
from (select RollNo, QuesBlock='Q'+convert(varchar(2),QuesBlock), RespVal
      from MyDataTable) as i
 pivot (max(RespVal) for QuesBlock in (Q1,Q2,Q3)) as p;

or dynamically pivot() like so:

declare @query nvarchar(max);
declare @cols nvarchar(max);

select @cols = stuff((select ','+quotename('Q'+convert(varchar(2),QuesBlock))
         from MyDataTable as C
         group by c.QuesBlock
         order by c.QuesBlock
         for xml path('')), 1, 1, '');
set @query = 'select RollNo, '+@cols+'
      from(select RollNo, QuesBlock=''Q''+convert(varchar(2),QuesBlock), RespVal
        from MyDataTable) as i
      pivot
      (
        max(RespVal)
        for QuesBlock in ('+@cols+')
      ) p';
exec sp_executesql @query;

test setup: http://rextester.com/TURW69000

all three return:

+---------+----+----+----+
| RollNo  | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 |
+---------+----+----+----+
| mba0001 | A  | B  | D  |
| mba0002 | C  | A  | B  |
| mba0003 | B  | C  | A  |
+---------+----+----+----+

---

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