You Don't Have Write Permissions into the /Var/Lib/Gems/1.9.1 Directory

You don't have write permissions into the /var/lib/gems/1.9.1 directory

According the question I see a few steps in order to allow writing to /var/lib/gems:

1. Create gems (if not any) group, and add yourself to the group:

   $ groupadd -f gems
   $ usermod -aG gems $(whoami)
   

2. When reenter to the session:

   $ sudo -u $(whoami) bash
   

3. Allow write for a gems group to /var/lib/gems/, and set the setgid bits:

   $ chown :gems /var/lib/gems/
   $ chmod g+sw /var/lib/gems/
   

4. Try installing gems into /var/lib/gems/.

NOTE: I strongly advice you to control rubies and gems via rbenv/rvm keeping them in a local home folder. Please refer to the answer to know how to properly setup your project.

You don't have write permissions for the /var/lib/gems/2.3.0 directory

You first need to uninstall the ruby installed by Ubuntu with something like sudo apt-get remove ruby.

Then reinstall ruby using rbenv and ruby-build according to their docs:

cd $HOME
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install git-core curl zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libffi-dev

git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
exec $SHELL

git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
exec $SHELL

rbenv install 2.3.1
rbenv global 2.3.1
ruby -v

The last step is to install Bundler:

gem install bundler
rbenv rehash

How to install a gem or update RubyGems if it fails with a permissions error

You don't have write permissions into the /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8 directory.

means exactly that, you don't have permission to write there.

That is the version of Ruby installed by Apple, for their own use. While it's OK to make minor modifications to that if you know what you're doing, because you are not sure about the permissions problem, I'd say it's not a good idea to continue along that track.

Instead, I'll strongly suggest you look into using either rbenv or RVM to manage a separate Ruby, installed into a sandbox in your home directory, that you can modify/fold/spindle/change without worrying about messing up the system Ruby.

Between the two, I use rbenv, though I used RVM a lot in the past. rbenv takes a more "hands-off" approach to managing your Ruby installation. RVM has a lot of features and is very powerful, but, as a result is more intrusive. In either case, READ the installation documentation for them a couple times before starting to install whichever you pick.

Unable to install rails. error: You don't have write permissions for the /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3 directory

That's because at some point you used sudo to install your rvm. So, the system will require sudo permission to install later gems

When you use command $ sudo gem install rails -v 6.0.2.1, you tell system to use normal directly installed ruby, not via rvm, so it warns you No such /user/bin/gem error

The solution for this is to change ownership of all files in the ~/.rvm directory to current account, as if you're using root account by following command

sudo chown -R $USER ~/.rvm

RVM gem permissions error

You missed to use ruby, you can do it with:

rvm use 1.9.3 --install

In case 1.9.3 was not installed, this command will also install it!

It also looks you are using Ubuntu, make sure you are not using RVM from Ubuntu package - that thing is broken! You can find instruction how to fix it here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/9056395/497756

You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory. while installing Cocoapods

Try this, It worked for me

sudo gem install cocoapods -n /usr/local/bin

This answer has information on why /usr/bin is protected.

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