Continuously Read from Stdout of External Process in Ruby

Continuously read from STDOUT of external process in Ruby

I've had some success in solving this problem of mine. Here are the details, with some explanations, in case anyone having a similar problem finds this page. But if you don't care for details, here's the short answer:

Use PTY.spawn in the following manner (with your own command of course):

require 'pty'
cmd = "blender -b mball.blend -o //renders/ -F JPEG -x 1 -f 1" 
begin
  PTY.spawn( cmd ) do |stdout, stdin, pid|
    begin
      # Do stuff with the output here. Just printing to show it works
      stdout.each { |line| print line }
    rescue Errno::EIO
      puts "Errno:EIO error, but this probably just means " +
            "that the process has finished giving output"
    end
  end
rescue PTY::ChildExited
  puts "The child process exited!"
end

And here's the long answer, with way too many details:

The real issue seems to be that if a process doesn't explicitly flush its stdout, then anything written to stdout is buffered rather than actually sent, until the process is done, so as to minimize IO (this is apparently an implementation detail of many C libraries, made so that throughput is maximized through less frequent IO). If you can easily modify the process so that it flushes stdout regularly, then that would be your solution. In my case, it was blender, so a bit intimidating for a complete noob such as myself to modify the source.

But when you run these processes from the shell, they display stdout to the shell in real-time, and the stdout doesn't seem to be buffered. It's only buffered when called from another process I believe, but if a shell is being dealt with, the stdout is seen in real time, unbuffered.

This behavior can even be observed with a ruby process as the child process whose output must be collected in real time. Just create a script, random.rb, with the following line:

5.times { |i| sleep( 3*rand ); puts "#{i}" }

Then a ruby script to call it and return its output:

IO.popen( "ruby random.rb") do |random|
  random.each { |line| puts line }
end

You'll see that you don't get the result in real-time as you might expect, but all at once afterwards. STDOUT is being buffered, even though if you run random.rb yourself, it isn't buffered. This can be solved by adding a STDOUT.flush statement inside the block in random.rb. But if you can't change the source, you have to work around this. You can't flush it from outside the process.

If the subprocess can print to shell in real-time, then there must be a way to capture this with Ruby in real-time as well. And there is. You have to use the PTY module, included in ruby core I believe (1.8.6 anyways). Sad thing is that it's not documented. But I found some examples of use fortunately.

First, to explain what PTY is, it stands for pseudo terminal. Basically, it allows the ruby script to present itself to the subprocess as if it's a real user who has just typed the command into a shell. So any altered behavior that occurs only when a user has started the process through a shell (such as the STDOUT not being buffered, in this case) will occur. Concealing the fact that another process has started this process allows you to collect the STDOUT in real-time, as it isn't being buffered.

To make this work with the random.rb script as the child, try the following code:

require 'pty'
begin
  PTY.spawn( "ruby random.rb" ) do |stdout, stdin, pid|
    begin
      stdout.each { |line| print line }
    rescue Errno::EIO
    end
  end
rescue PTY::ChildExited
  puts "The child process exited!"
end

Ruby: Read large data from stdout and stderr of an external process on Windows

After a lot of different trial and error attempts, I eventually came up with using two threads, one to read from each stream (generator.rb is just a script I wrote to output things to standard out and err):

require 'open3'

data = {}

Open3.popen3("ruby generator.rb") do |stdin, out, err, external|
  # Create a thread to read from each stream
  { :out => out, :err => err }.each do |key, stream|
    Thread.new do
      until (line = stream.gets).nil? do
        data[key] = line
      end
    end
  end

  # Don't exit until the external process is done
  external.join
end

puts data[:out]
puts data[:err]

It simply outputs the last line sent to standard output and error by the calling program, but could obviously be extended to do additional processing (with different logic in each thread). A method I was using before I finally came up with this was resulting in some failures due to race conditions; I don't know if this code is still vulnerable, but I've yet to experience a similar failure.

Capturing STDOUT and STDERR of an external program *while* it's executing (Ruby)

Actually, it was simpler than I thought, this seems to work perfectly:

STDOUT.sync = true # That's all it takes...
IO.popen(command+" 2>&1") do |pipe| # Redirection is performed using operators
  pipe.sync = true
  while str = pipe.gets
    puts "-> "+str # This is synchronous!
  end
end

...and yes, it works on Windows!

Is it possible to read the last line of STDOUT from an open process?

I have a working solution now:

fen="rnbqkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/8/8/PPPPPPPP/RNBQKBNR"
overseer=fork do
  require 'pty'
  master, slave = PTY.open
  read, write = IO.pipe
  pid = spawn("stockfish", :in=>read, :out=>slave)
  slave.close
  read.close
  write.puts('uci')
  write.puts("setoption name Threads value 4")
  write.puts("position fen #{fen}")
  write.puts('go infinite')

  loop do
   puts master.gets     
  end   

end

if $stdin.gets
  Process.kill("KILL",overseer)
end

This will print out a stream of stream until the user kills it.

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