Why How to Not Create a Wheel in Python

Why can I not create a wheel in python?

Install the wheel package first:

pip install wheel

The documentation isn't overly clear on this, but "the wheel project provides a bdist_wheel command for setuptools" actually means "the wheel package...".

What is the meaning of Failed building wheel for X in pip install?

Since, nobody seem to mention this apart myself. My own solution to the above problem is most often to make sure to disable the cached copy by using: pip install <package> --no-cache-dir.

What needs to be in a setup.py to create a wheel?

You don't need to write anything special in your setup.py to be able to create a wheel. As long as your setup.py is using setuptools (which it should be anyway), you just write a normal setup.py, install the wheel package on your system, and run python setup.py bdist_wheel.

How to build py3-none-any wheels for a project with an optional C extension?

One possible solution is to use an environment variable in setup.py to decide
whether to set ext_modules to an empty list of a list of setuptools.Extension

pyproject.toml

[build-system]
requires = ["setuptools", "wheel", "cython"]
build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

setup.py

from setuptools import setup, Extension
import os

if 'ONLY_PURE' in os.environ:
    ext_modules = []
else:
    module1 = Extension('helloworld', sources = ['helloworld.pyx'])
    ext_modules = [module1]
setup(ext_modules=ext_modules)

setup.cfg

[metadata]
name = mypackage
version = 0.0.1

[options]
py_modules = mypackage

mypackage.py

try:
    import helloworld
except ImportError:
    print('hello pure python')

helloworld.pyx

print("hello extension")

To build with extension:

$ pip install build
...
$ python -m build
...
$ ls dist/
mypackage-0.0.1-cp39-cp39-linux_x86_64.whl  mypackage-0.0.1.tar.gz

To build without extension

$ pip install build
...
$ ONLY_PURE='a nonempty string' python -m build
...
$ ls dist/
mypackage-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl  mypackage-0.0.1.tar.gz

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