What Does Sqlite3.Operationalerror: Near "-": Syntax Error Mean

what does sqlite3.OperationalError: near "t": syntax error means

Suppose name contains a single quote followed by a t, as in

name = "don't look now"
sql = "update foo set is_processed=1 where bar='"+name+"'"

Then sql would equal

In [156]: sql
Out[156]: "update foo set is_processed=1 where bar='don't look now'"

and sqlite3 will think the conditional is where bar='don' followed by a syntax error, t look now'. sqlite3 then raises

sqlite3.OperationalError: near "t": syntax error

This is an example of why you should always use parametrized SQL. To avoid this problem (and protect your code from SQL injection attacks), use parametrized SQL and pass a sequence (or, depending on the paramstyle, a mapping) of values as the second argument to cursor.execute:

sql = "update foo set is_processed=1 where bar=?"
cursor.execute(sql, [name])

When you pass arguments (such as [name]) as the second argument to
cursor.execute, sqlite3 will escape the single-quote for you.

Per the Python Database API, when you pass parameters as the second argument to cursor.execute (my emphasis):

The module will use the __getitem__ method of the parameters object to map
either positions (integers) or names (strings) to parameter values. This
allows for both sequences and mappings to be used as input.

The term bound refers to the process of binding an input value to a database
execution buffer. In practical terms, this means that the input value is
directly used as a value in the operation. The client should not be required
to "escape" the value so that it can be used — the value should be equal to
the actual database value

Here is a runnable toy example to help see the problem and how it is avoided using parametrized SQL:

import sqlite3

with sqlite3.connect(':memory:') as conn:
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE foo
                 (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                  bar TEXT,
                  is_processed BOOL)''')
    name = "don't look now"

    sql = "update foo set is_processed=1 where bar='"+name+"'"
    print(sql)
    cursor.execute(sql)

    # comment out `cursor.execute(sql)` above and compare with
    # sql = "update foo set is_processed=1 where bar=?"
    # cursor.execute(sql, [name])

SQLite3 OperationalError: near "(": syntax error

If your intent is to fetch ISD_NAME column values and replace "Statewide" with " Statewide" remove ISD_NAME after SELECT statement.

For instance, assuming you have a table like this:

CREATE TABLE enr("id" PRIMARY KEY, "ISD_NAME" VARCHAR);
INSERT INTO enr VALUES (1, "somethingStatewide");

Your script becomes:

cmd = 'SELECT replace(ISD_NAME,"Statewide"," Statewide") FROM enr'
cur.execute(cmd)

Test with print:

records = cur.fetchall()
print(records)

Here the result:

[(u'something Statewide',)]

sqlite3.OperationalError: near "=": syntax error

You should not use the parentheses after your SET operator.
You can have more details on the following resources:

The official query language documentation: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_update.html
One of many tutorials: http://www.sqlitetutorial.net/sqlite-update/

Your query should be UPDATE rfidTage SET forename = ?, surename = ?, permission = ? WHERE id = ?.

sqlite3.OperationalError: near ",": syntax error, select where in

Your query is syntactically correct if the version of SQLite you are using is 3.15.0+.

I suspect that it is older, so ROW VALUES are not supported.

Here is an equivalent query that uses EXISTS:

SELECT t.a, t.b, t.c
FROM belge_yeni t 
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM belge_yeni WHERE a = t.a AND b = t.b AND rowid <> t.rowid)
ORDER BY t.a, t.b DESC