PHP Include Prints 1

php include prints 1

echo include "foo.php"

should be

include 'foo.php';

php include prints '1'

Since you probably want the PHP processed and the output stored in the variable, this will do the trick:

ob_start();
include(SUBSCRIBE_USER_BASE_DIR . '/includes/av_subscribe_form.php');
$include = ob_get_clean();

$html = '<div class="subscribe_user"><span id="question1"><a href="#" id="subscribe_link" data-category="'.$category.'">
                    Subscribe to comments made on '.$category.'</a></span></div>' . $include;

PHP is printing an extra 1 in the webpage

This should work for you:

(I put a view comments to explain whats going on!)

File Structure:

|
| - index.php
| - navigation.php
|
| - templates
|       | - page.php
| 
| - views
      | - skills.php
      | - projects.php

index.php:

<?php
    //Error reporting only for testing environment
    ini_set("display_errors", 1);
    error_reporting(E_ALL);
?>

<?php 

    //To save some code lines i put that in a function
    function getContent($path) {
        ob_start();
        require_once($path);
        $content = ob_get_contents();  
        ob_end_clean(); 

        return $content;
    }

    $pageData = new stdClass();
    $pageData->title = "Thomas Blom Hansen: Portfolio site";

    $pageData->content = getContent("navigation.php");  
    $pageData->css = "<link href='css/layout.css' rel='stylesheet' />";

    if( !empty($_GET['page'])) {
        $fileToLoad = $_GET['page'];

        $pageData->content .= getContent("views/$fileToLoad.php");

    } else {
        $fileToLoad = "skills";

        $pageData->content .= getContent("views/$fileToLoad.php");
    }

    $page = getContent("templates/page.php");

    $page = str_replace('%%$pageData->title%%', $pageData->title, $page);
    $page = str_replace('%%$pageData->css%%', $pageData->css, $page);
    $page = str_replace('%%$pageData->content%%', $pageData->content, $page);

    echo $page; 

?>

navigation.php:

<nav>
    <a href='index.php?page=skills'>My skills and background</a>
    <a href='index.php?page=projects'>Some projects</a>
</nav>

projects.php:

<h1>Projects I have worked on</h1>

<ul>
    <li>Ahem, this will soon be updated</li>
</ul>

templates/page.php:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

    <head>
        <title>%%$pageData->title%%</title>
        <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=utf-8' />
        %%$pageData->css%%
    </head>

    <body>
        %%$pageData->content%%
    </body>
</html>

views/skills.php:

<h1>Skills and educational background</h1>

<p>Read all about my skills and my formal training</p>
<?php 
    echo "test";  //Little example to show that php gets parsed and that's also why the file extension still *.php is
?>

Output/ source code is:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

    <head>
        <title>Thomas Blom Hansen: Portfolio site</title>
        <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=utf-8' />
        <link href='css/layout.css' rel='stylesheet' />
    </head>

    <body>

<nav>
    <a href='index.php?page=skills'>My skills and background</a>
    <a href='index.php?page=projects'>Some projects</a>
</nav>

<h1>Skills and educational background</h1>

<p>Read all about my skills and my formal training</p>
test

    </body>
</html>

Side Note:

Here i used require_once so that if you have a complicated website files doesn't get multiple times included! (See: http://php.net/manual/en/function.require-once.php)

Also added %% before and after a php variable in the template so that is less likely that you write a text with this name!

PHP Short Open Tag prints 1

Because it returns true. You need to use include_once without the short open tag, so like this:

<?php include_once 'includes/footer.php';?>

When you write an open short tag, like this;

<?= include_once 'includes/footer.php';?>

You actually write this:

<?php echo include_once 'includes/footer.php';?>

Which results in "1" on your screen.

Include a php file, but return output as a string instead of printing

You can use php buffers like this:

<?php
ob_start();
include('other.php');
$script = ob_get_contents(); // it will hold the output of other.php
ob_end_clean();

EDIT: You can abstract this into a function:

function inlcude2string($file) {
    ob_start();
    include($file);
    $output = ob_get_contents(); // it will hold the output of other.php
    ob_end_clean();
    return $output;
}

$str = inlcude2string('other.php');

Include whole content of a file and echo it

Just do:

include("http://www.mysite.com/script.php");

Or:

echo file_get_contents("http://www.mysite.com/script.php");

Notes:

This may slow down your page due to network latency or if the other server is slow.
This requires allow_url_fopen to be on for your PHP installation. Some hosts turn it off.
This will not give you the PHP code, it'll give you the HTML/text output.

Concatenating strings in PHP using require() without printing 1 as part of the output

I see that your scala-programming-projects/scala-programming-projects-book-info.php already concat the string. just remove concatenation on index.php

<?php
  require("page.php");
  $index = new Page();
  
  require("scala-programming-projects/scala-programming-projects-book-info.php");
  require("success-habits-dummies-zeller/success-habits-dummies-zeller-book-info.php");
  .....
  .....
  .....
  $index->Display();
?>

php print all filenames in context of calling scripts

You can use the get_included_files function. It will give you an array containing the names of the files that were included so far.

// a.php:
<?php
include('b.php');
var_dump(get_included_files());

==========

//b.php:
<?php
include('c.php');

==========

//c.php:
<?php
// do nothing

Output will be:

array (size=3)
    0 => string 'a.php' (length=5)
    1 => string 'b.php' (length=5)
    2 => string 'c.php' (length=5)

Note that the function works the same if you will put it inside one of the included files. You can put the function inside c.php (and not inside a.php) and the output will not change.

include inside a variable - includes without print the variable

try file_get_contents

<?php
  $var  = file_get_contents('file.php');
 echo $var;
 ?>