Is a New Line = \N or \R\N

Is a new line = \n OR \r\n?

\n is used for Unix systems (including Linux, and OSX).

\r\n is mainly used on Windows.

\r is used on really old Macs.

PHP_EOL constant is used instead of these characters for portability between platforms.

Difference between \n and \r?

In terms of ascii code, it's 3 -- since they're 10 and 13 respectively;-).

But seriously, there are many:

  • in Unix and all Unix-like systems, \n is the code for end-of-line, \r means nothing special
  • as a consequence, in C and most languages that somehow copy it (even remotely), \n is the standard escape sequence for end of line (translated to/from OS-specific sequences as needed)
  • in old Mac systems (pre-OS X), \r was the code for end-of-line instead
  • in Windows (and many old OSs), the code for end of line is 2 characters, \r\n, in this order
  • as a (surprising;-) consequence (harking back to OSs much older than Windows), \r\n is the standard line-termination for text formats on the Internet
  • for electromechanical teletype-like "terminals", \r commands the carriage to go back leftwards until it hits the leftmost stop (a slow operation), \n commands the roller to roll up one line (a much faster operation) -- that's the reason you always have \r before \n, so that the roller can move while the carriage is still going leftwards!-) Wikipedia has a more detailed explanation.
  • for character-mode terminals (typically emulating even-older printing ones as above), in raw mode, \r and \n act similarly (except both in terms of the cursor, as there is no carriage or roller;-)

In practice, in the modern context of writing to a text file, you should always use \n (the underlying runtime will translate that if you're on a weird OS, e.g., Windows;-). The only reason to use \r is if you're writing to a character terminal (or more likely a "console window" emulating it) and want the next line you write to overwrite the last one you just wrote (sometimes used for goofy "ascii animation" effects of e.g. progress bars) -- this is getting pretty obsolete in a world of GUIs, though;-).

What's the difference between \n and \r\n?

\r\n is a Windows Style

\n is a POSIX Style

\r is a old pre-OS X Macs Style, Modern Mac's using POSIX Style.


\r is a carriage return and \n is a line feed, in old computers where it not have monitor, have only printer to get out programs result to user, if you want get printing from staring of new line from left, you must get \n for Line Feed, and \r for get Carriage return to the most left position, this is from old computers syntax saved to this time on Windows platform.

What is the difference between `r`n and `n for line breaks in Powershell?

If you're talking scripts, PowerShell will interpret both the \n and \r\n end-of-line (EOL) sequence equally when parsing. The \r\n EOL is mostly a Windows artifact of the past, and most of the modern (ca. 2018) Windows apps released will interpret them the same.

Those are not quotes, but grave accents or backticks (the tilde key on most keyboards) and they are the designated string escape character in PowerShell.

One thing that does impact parsing of a Windows PowerShell script is the use of a Byte Order Mark (BOM). This is the only way to get the PowerShell interpreter to see unicode (such as emojis) in your code; that is, by using UTF8-BOM.

What is the newline character in the C language: \r or \n?

It's \n. When you're reading or writing text mode files, or to stdin/stdout etc, you must use \n, and C will handle the translation for you. When you're dealing with binary files, by definition you are on your own.

why is it sometimes the newline character is \r\n instead of just '\n'?

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline:

  • LF: Multics, Unix and Unix-like systems (GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, AIX, Xenix, etc.), BeOS, Amiga, RISC OS and others.
  • CR+LF: Microsoft Windows, DEC TOPS-10, RT-11 and most other early non-Unix and non-IBM OSes, CP/M, MP/M, DOS (MS-DOS, PC-DOS, etc.), Atari TOS, OS/2, Symbian OS, Palm OS
  • LF+CR: Acorn BBC and RISC OS spooled text output.
  • CR: Commodore 8-bit machines, Acorn BBC, TRS-80, Apple II family, Mac OS up to version 9 and OS-9
  • RS: QNX pre-POSIX implementation.

CRLF Was intended to be compatible with all the others.

The above all mean newline. THe original meaning was lost, even if someone had an argument for using one or the other, at some point in history.

In C#, what's the difference between \n and \r\n?

\n is Unix, \r is Mac, \r\n is Windows.

Sometimes it's giving trouble especially when running code cross platform. You can bypass this by using Environment.NewLine.

Please refer to What is the difference between \r, \n and \r\n ?! for more information. Happy reading

\r\n vs \n\r what is the difference in their behavior?

This is nothing to do with Java and everything to do with the console/terminal/etc. that's converting the output to a display.

In Windows command windows, the canonical "end-of-line" encoding is \r\n. Windows treats this as a single entity.

Although the historical reason for this is a teleprinter's carriage return (move the print head to the left) and newline (advance the paper one line), in Windows \r\n is one "thing" as far as display is concerned.

\n\r is not recognised as one "thing" in the same way. But it handles each character by advancing by a line.

What is the difference between a line feed and a carriage return ?

A line feed means moving one line forward. The code is \n.
A carriage return means moving the cursor to the beginning of the line. The code is \r.

Windows editors often still use the combination of both as \r\n in text files. Unix uses mostly only the \n.

The separation comes from typewriter times, when you turned the wheel to move the paper to change the line and moved the carriage to restart typing on the beginning of a line. This was two steps.



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