What Is an Illegal Reflective Access

What is an illegal reflective access?

Apart from an understanding of the accesses amongst modules and their respective packages. I believe the crux of it lies in the Module System#Relaxed-strong-encapsulation and I would just cherry-pick the relevant parts of it to try and answer the question.

What defines an illegal reflective access and what circumstances
trigger the warning?

To aid in the migration to Java-9, the strong encapsulation of the modules could be relaxed.

  • An implementation may provide static access, i.e. by compiled bytecode.

  • May provide a means to invoke its run-time system with one or more packages of one or more of its modules open to code in all unnamed modules, i.e. to code on the classpath. If the run-time system is invoked in this way, and if by doing so some invocations of the reflection APIs succeed where otherwise they would have failed.

In such cases, you've actually ended up making a reflective access which is "illegal" since in a pure modular world you were not meant to do such accesses.

How it all hangs together and what triggers the warning in what
scenario?

This relaxation of the encapsulation is controlled at runtime by a new launcher option --illegal-access which by default in Java9 equals permit. The permit mode ensures

The first reflective-access operation to any such package causes a
warning to be issued, but no warnings are issued after that point.
This single warning describes how to enable further warnings. This
warning cannot be suppressed.

The modes are configurable with values debug(message as well as stacktrace for every such access), warn(message for each such access), and deny(disables such operations).


Few things to debug and fix on applications would be:-

  • Run it with --illegal-access=deny to get to know about and avoid opening packages from one module to another without a module declaration including such a directive(opens) or explicit use of --add-opens VM arg.
  • Static references from compiled code to JDK-internal APIs could be identified using the jdeps tool with the --jdk-internals option

The warning message issued when an illegal reflective-access operation
is detected has the following form:

WARNING: Illegal reflective access by $PERPETRATOR to $VICTIM

where:

$PERPETRATOR is the fully-qualified name of the type containing the
code that invoked the reflective operation in question plus the code
source (i.e., JAR-file path), if available, and

$VICTIM is a string that describes the member being accessed,
including the fully-qualified name of the enclosing type

Questions for such a sample warning: = JDK9: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred. org.python.core.PySystemState

Last and an important note, while trying to ensure that you do not face such warnings and are future safe, all you need to do is ensure your modules are not making those illegal reflective accesses. :)

An illegal reflective access operation has occurred

I know its annoying, but, it's not actually something you need to worry about. You can run your program with the flag and not worry to much about the warning. For more in depth details there are a number of resources such as https://www.logicbig.com/tutorials/core-java-tutorial/modules/illegal-access-operations.html that go into more detail. It's more about prodding library authors into action than anything else.

The flag needs to be passed to the java command executing your program

Ex java --illegal-access=deny --module-path <path> --module <module>/<main-class> [args...]



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