What Do the "M" and "A" Icons in the Project Navigator of Xcode 4 Mean When I Create a New Project

What do the M and A icons in the Project Navigator of Xcode 4 mean when I create a new project?

As others have said, they're related to source control. If you've made sure that no .git or .svn directories appear in your project and they still show up, then it's just an Xcode bug. Ignore it or file a bug with Apple.

On a side note, you SHOULD be using source control.

What is the M on this file in Xcode?

That's git working.

The file has been Modified. If you right click the file => Source Control => Commit Selected Files... You can commit the changes to your git.

I recommend you learn a little bit of git, its great.

What Does Question Mark Mean in Xcode Project Navigator?

It's the file untracked by source control.

Difference between M and A in Xcode 5.0.2

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This relates to source control.

What do the arrows in the navigator pane on Xcode indicate?

The arrows that sometimes appear to the right of a file in the navigator is indicating whether you have any files that has not yet been pushed to your remote branch or if you have changes for that file to be pulled from a remote.

The upward pointing arrow indicates you have local changes for that file that have not been pushed to your remote repository.

The downward pointing arrow indicates you have remote changes to that file that you have not fetched yet.

The arrows looks like this in Xcode 9.

Indicates that the file have three **local** commits that have not been pushed yet and 2 commits waiting to be fetched from the remote branch

Xcode letters beside files in Project Navigator

Those letters beside files in the Project Navigator of Xcode show the status of files that are under version control systems, such as SVN or Git. So, for instance:

M - means the file has changed and it should be merged into SCM
A - means this is a new file and should be added to SCM
U - means this is a newer version of a file on SCM and you need to update it
? - means the file has not been added to source control
etc...

P.S. You can find list of statuses (at least for SVN) here

What do these icons in Xcode 4 stand for?

Let me guess from the knowledge of SVN -

A => newly added file.

M => modified an existing file.

What is the meaning of this icon in Xcode 7 debug navigator?

It indicates an open crash report. If you open a crash report from the Organizer, it opens in the debug view and shows you the running threads and stack status from the crash report. I forgot I had one open. There's no way to close it that I can find.

In Xcode 4 version control, what does it mean when there is a question mark near a file that you have just added to the project?

The ? mark means that the file is not under source control (but is part of the project). You can add it to the project by clicking on the file ---> Source Control ----> Add.

want to use Xcode 4 for everything, how to add folder in project navigator?

As far as I know, Xcode won't mirror the filesystem as an Xcode tree (anyone correct me id I'm wrong). Wanting to have an identical structure is quite some work. I use to first place the files hierarchically in the file-system, then I mimic the same structure in Xcode.
This requires some attention since Xcode 4.1 not always writes new classes to the place you told him to - they may prefer to land in the highest level of the Xcode project.

I had similar thoughts and started a thread, might be helpful for further reading

Your second question: sorry, can't help you there.

What Do the "M" and "A" Icons in the Project Navigator of Xcode 4 Mean When I Create a New Project