How to Disable Spinner in Android and Enable It on Button Click

Enable Button when Spinner and EditText are not empty in Dialog

Please try below code with only one change, put below line in subSpinner.setOnItemSelectedListener and also please declare alertDialog globally.

alertDialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE).setEnabled(!exchangeRateInput.isEmpty() && !currencyName.isEmpty());

Here is Your Code.

private void openDialog(){
    LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this);
    View subView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_layout, null);
    final EditText subEditTextExchangeRate = subView.findViewById(R.id.textInputExchangeRate);
    final Spinner subSpinner = subView.findViewById(R.id.spinner);

    ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(this, R.array.currency, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item);
    adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
    subSpinner.setAdapter(adapter);
    subSpinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
            if(parent.getItemAtPosition(position).equals("Select currency")){
                currencyName = "";

            }else {
                currencyName = parent.getItemAtPosition(position).toString();
            }
            alertDialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE).setEnabled(!exchangeRateInput.isEmpty() && !currencyName.isEmpty()); 
        }
        @Override
        public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {

        }
    });

    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    builder.setView(subView);

    builder.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            exchangeRate = subEditTextExchangeRate.getText().toString();
            st2 = exchangeRate;
        }
    });

    builder.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

        }
    });


    alertDialog = builder.create();
    alertDialog.show();

    alertDialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE).setEnabled(false);
    subEditTextExchangeRate.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {
        @Override
        public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {

        }

        @Override
        public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
            String exchangeRateInput = subEditTextExchangeRate.getText().toString();
            alertDialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE).setEnabled(!exchangeRateInput.isEmpty() && !currencyName.isEmpty()); 
        }//This is the logic that I am looking for but the method is watching only EditText

        @Override
        public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {

        }
    });
}

How to enable button after using spinner

You've not registered a listener on spinner.

Add this in your onCreate

spinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(this);

and then write you code in onItemSelected.

How to lock the spinner after button click in android

Simple just disable the spinner on button click

spinner.setEnabled(false);

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